| 1And in the seventh year, Jehoiada gained strength, and he took the chiefs of the hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, Azariah the son of Obed, Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, with him in a covenant. |
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אוּבַשָּׁנָ֨ה הַשְּׁבִעִ֜ית הִתְחַזַּ֣ק יְהֽוֹיָדָ֗ע וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֡וֹת לַֽעֲזַרְיָ֣ה בֶן־יְרֹחָ֡ם וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־יְ֠הוֹחָנָן וְלַֽעֲזַרְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־עוֹבֵ֜ד וְאֶת־מַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֧הוּ בֶן־עֲדָיָ֛הוּ וְאֶת־אֱלִֽישָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־זִכְרִ֖י עִמּ֥וֹ בַבְּרִֽית: |
| 2And they went about in Judah and gathered the Levites from all the cities of Judah, and the chiefs of the fathers' [houses] of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. |
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בוַיָּסֹ֙בּוּ֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּקְבְּצ֚וּ אֶת־הַֽלְוִיִּם֙ מִכָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְרָאשֵׁ֥י הָֽאָב֖וֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם: |
| 3And the entire congregation enacted a covenant in the House of God with the king, and he said to them, "Behold the king's son shall reign, as the Lord spoke concerning the sons of David. |
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גוַיִּכְרֹ֨ת כָּל־הַקָּהָ֥ל בְּרִ֛ית בְּבֵ֥ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים עִם־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם הִנֵּ֚ה בֶן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ יִמְלֹ֔ךְ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י דָוִֽיד: |
| And the entire congregation enacted a covenant in the House of God with the king. that they would support him. |
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ויכרות כל הקהל ברית בבית האלהים עם המלך.
שיהיו לעזרתו:
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| 4This is the thing that you shall do: a third of you, of those coming in on the Sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be gatekeepers of the thresholds. |
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דזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּֽעֲשׂ֑וּ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֨ית מִכֶּ֜ם בָּאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת לַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְלַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם לְשֹֽׁעֲרֵ֖י הַסִּפִּֽים: |
| of those coming in on the Sabbath. And also those leaving on the Sabbath, as is written below (verse 8): “and each one took his men, those coming in on the Sabbath with those leaving on the Sabbath.” The watches were renewed on the Sabbath (See Taanith 2:6,7), viz. the priests and the Levites; one [watch] would leave and one would come in. Jehoiada detained the watch that was leaving with the watch that was coming in, and divided them into three divisions. |
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באי השבת.
וגם יוצאי השבת כדכתיב בסמוך ויקחו איש את אנשיו באי השבת עם יוצאי השבת המשמרות היו מתחדשות בשבת כהונה ולויה אחת יוצאה ואחת נכנסה ואז עכב יהוידע שם משמר היוצא עם משמר הנכנס וחלקן לשלשה חלקי':
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| 5And a third shall be in the king's palace, and a third in the Yesod gate, and all the people in the courts of the House of the Lord. |
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הוְהַשְּׁלִשִׁית֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַיְס֑וֹד וְכָ֨ל־הָעָ֔ם בְּחַצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהֹוָֽה: |
| And a third shall be in the king’s palace. to guard that they would not gather about him to assassinate him. |
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והשלשית בבית המלך.
לשמור שלא יקבצו עליו להרוג אותו:
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| and a third. This is the second one. |
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והשלישית.
היא השנית:
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| in the Yesod Gate. But in II Kings (ad loc.) it is written “the Sur Gate.” In Yoma Yerushalmi (in extant editions it is found in Erubin Yerushalmi 5:1) it is explained that the Yesod Gate had seven names: 1) the Sur Gate, because they would purify those smitten with zaraath there [by placing the blood of the guilt offering and the oil] on their thumbs, reminiscent of [the verse] (Lam. 4:15): “They called out to them: 'Depart (סוּרוּ), unclean [ones]!’” |
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בשער היסוד.
ובמלכים (ב יא) כתיב ובשער סור וביומא ירושלמי מפורש ז' שמות היו לו לשער היסוד סור על שם שהיו מטהרים שם את המצורעים על בהן ידם ועל שם סורו טמא קראו למו (איכה ד׳:ט״ו):
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| 6And no one shall enter the House of the Lord, except the priests and the ministers of the Levites; they shall enter, because they are holy, and all the people shall keep the Lord's watch. |
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ווְאַל־יָב֣וֹא בֵֽית־יְהֹוָ֗ה כִּ֚י אִם־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַֽמְשָֽׁרְתִ֣ים לַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם הֵ֥מָּה יָבֹ֖אוּ כִּי־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֑מָּה וְכָ֨ל־הָעָ֔ם יִשְׁמְר֖וּ מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהֹוָֽה: |
| and all the people shall keep. lest they enter the House of the Lord. |
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וכל העם ישמרו.
שלא יבואו בית ה':
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| 7And the Levites shall surround the king, each one with his weapons in his hand, and whoever enters the House shall be put to death, and you shall be with the king when he comes in and when he goes out." |
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זוְהִקִּיפוּ֩ הַֽלְוִיִּ֨ם אֶת־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ סָבִ֗יב אִישׁ וְכֵלָ֣יו בְּיָד֔וֹ וְהַבָּ֥א אֶל־הַבַּ֖יִת יוּמָ֑ת וִֽהְי֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּבֹא֥וֹ וּבְצֵאתֽוֹ: |
| with his weapons in his hand. His weapons in his hand. |
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וכליו בידו.
כלי מלחמתו בידו:
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| 8And the Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded, and they took each one his men, of those coming in on the Sabbath with those leaving on the Sabbath, for Jehoiada the priest did not dismiss the divisions. |
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חוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֨וּ הַלְוִיִּ֜ם וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה֘ יְהֽוֹיָדָ֣ע הַכֹּהֵן֒ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֔יו בָּאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת עִ֖ם יֽוֹצְאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת כִּ֧י לֹֽא־פָטַ֛ר יְהֽוֹיָדָ֥ע הַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַמַּחְלְקֽוֹת: |
| of those coming in on the Sabbath with those leaving on the Sabbath, for he did not dismiss. those divisions who were leaving to go home, but he detained them with those who were arriving. A similarity to [the word פָּטַר] is found in (I Chron. 9:33): “in the chambers, who are exempt (פְּטוּרִים);” i.e., they were exempt from all work in the forecourt, for day and night it was incumbent upon them to perform the work to guard the forecourts and the chambers; they were therefore exempt from all other work in the forecourt. |
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באי השבת עם יוצאי השבת כי לא פטר.
אותן מחלקות היוצאי' ללכת לבית' אלא עכבם שם עם הבאים דוגמא בלשכות פטורים כלומר פטורים היו מכל מלאכה שבעזרה כי אם לשמור הלשכות כי יומם ולילה חובה עליה' במלאכ' לשמור העזרות והלשכות לפיכך היו פטורים מכל שאר מלאכת העזרה:
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| 9And Jehoiada gave to the chiefs of the hundreds the spears, the bucklers, and the shields of King David, which were in the House of God. |
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טוַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהֽוֹיָדָ֨ע הַכֹּהֵ֜ן לְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֗וֹת אֶת־הַֽחֲנִיתִים֙ וְאֶת־הַמָּֽגִנּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַשְּׁלָטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑יד אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּ֥ית הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים: |
| 10And he stationed the entire people, and each one with his sword in his hand, from the right side of the House to the left side of the House, before the altar and the House, surrounding the king. |
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יוַיַּֽעֲמֵ֨ד אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֜ם וְאִ֣ישׁ| שִׁלְח֣וֹ בְיָד֗וֹ מִכֶּ֨תֶף הַבַּ֚יִת הַיְמָנִית֙ עַד־כֶּ֚תֶף הַבַּ֙יִת֙ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֔ית לַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וְלַבָּ֑יִת עַל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ סָבִֽיב: |
| and each one with his sword in his hand. Heb. שִׁלְחוֹ his weapon, like (Joel 2:8): “and upon the sword (הַשֶּׁלַח).” |
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ואיש שלחו בידו.
כלי זיינו כמו ובעד השלח דיואל:
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| 11And they brought out the king's son and placed upon him the crown and the testimony, and they made him king, and Jehoiada and his sons anointed him and said, "Long live the king!" |
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יאוַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־בֶּן־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיִּתְּנ֚וּ עָלָיו֙ אֶת־הַנֵּ֙זֶר֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣עֵד֔וּת וַיַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֹת֑וֹ וַיִּמְשָׁחֻ֙הוּ֙ יְהֽוֹיָדָ֣ע וּבָנָ֔יו וַיֹּֽאמְר֖וּ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| the crown. This is the crown that David took from Rabbah of the children of Ammon, as it is written (I Chron 20:2): “And David took the crown of Malkam off his head, etc., and it was on David’s head.” From then on, the kings of Judah would wear that crown on their heads. |
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את הנזר.
היא העטרה שלקח דוד מרבת בני עמון כדכתיב (לעיל א' ך') ויקח דוד עטרת מלכם ותהי על ראש דוד ומשם והלאה היו מלכי יהודה מניחים אותה הנזר על ראשם:
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| and the testimony. This is a Sepher Torah, and so Scripture states (Deut. 17:19): “and he shall read from it as long as he lives.” Our Sages stated (Abodah Zarah 4a), however, that the crown itself was the testimony, for it would not fit anyone unfit for the throne. |
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ואת העדות.
זה ספר תורה וכן הוא אומר (דברים י״ז:י״ט) וקרא בו כל ימי חייו ורבותינו אמרו הנזר זה העדות שכל הראוי למלכות הולמתו ושאינו ראוי למלכות אינה הולמתו:
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| 12And Athaliah heard the sound of the people, running and praising the king, and she came to the people, to the House of the Lord. |
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יבוַתִּשְׁמַ֣ע עֲתַלְיָ֗הוּ אֶת־ק֚וֹל הָעָם֙ הָֽרָצִ֔ים וְהַֽמְהַֽלְלִ֖ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַתָּב֥וֹא אֶל־הָעָ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 13And she saw, and behold, the king was standing on his stand in the entrance, and the officers and the trumpets beside the king, and the people of the land rejoicing and sounding the trumpets, and the singer [played] on musical instruments and led the singing of praise, and Athaliah rent her garments and said, "Treason! Treason!" |
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יגוַתֵּ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּ֣ה הַמֶּלֶךְ֩ עוֹמֵ֨ד עַל־עַמּוּד֜וֹ בַּמָּב֗וֹא וְהַשָּׂרִ֣ים וְהַֽחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת֘ עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וְכָל־עַ֨ם הָאָ֜רֶץ שָׂמֵ֗חַ וְתוֹקֵ֙עַ֙ בַּֽחֲצֹ֣צְר֔וֹת וְהַֽמְשֽׁוֹרְרִים֙ בִּכְלֵ֣י הַשִּׁ֔יר וּמֽוֹדִיעִ֖ים לְהַלֵּ֑ל וַתִּקְרַ֚ע עֲתַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־בְּגָדֶ֔יהָ וַתֹּ֖אמֶר קֶ֥שֶׁר קָֽשֶׁר: |
| standing on his stand. as it says (above 6:12f.): “And he stood before the altar of the Lord, etc. for Solomon had made a copper laver, etc., and he stood on it and kneeled on his knees.” It is still customary today that when they assemble together, the king or the duke stands on a high place, so that they should be able to see him and hear his words. |
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עומד על עמודו.
כדאמר (לעיל ב') ויעמוד המלך על העמוד כי עשה שלמה כיור נחשת וגו' ויעמד עליו ויברך על ברכיו (שם) ועד היום מנהג כשמוועדים יחד עומד המלך או הדוכוס במקום גבוה כדי שיוכלו לראותו לשמוע את דברו:
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| “Treason! Treason!”. Rebellion! Rebellion! |
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קשר קשר.
מרד מרד:
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| 14And Jehoiada the priest brought out the officers of the hundreds, those appointed over the army, and said to them, "Take her out to within the ranks, and whoever follows her is to be put to death by the sword, for the priest said, "Do not put her to death in the House of the Lord." |
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ידוַיּוֹצֵא֩ יְהֽוֹיָדָ֨ע הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־שָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּא֣וֹת| פְּקוּדֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל וַיֹּ֚אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ הֽוֹצִיא֙וּהָ֙ אֶל־מִבֵּ֣ית הַשְּׂדֵר֔וֹת וְהַבָּ֥א אַֽחֲרֶ֖יהָ יוּמַ֣ת בֶּחָ֑רֶב כִּי אָמַ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן לֹ֥א תְמִית֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ית יְהֹוָֽה: |
| the ranks. Heb. הַשְּׂדֵרוֹת. Rashi (II Kings 11:8) explains: the place of the king’s entry from his palace to the House of the Lord. I do not know the origin of the word, and Jonathan rendered it as “rows” [like סְדָרִים]. |
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השדרות.
פירוש מקום מבוא המלך מביתו לבית ה' לא ידעתי מה ל' שדרות ויונתן תרגם סידריא:
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| and whoever follows her is to be put to death. Do not allow her to go out by way of the exit of the forecourt to the city, lest she find helpers who will join her. |
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והבא אחריה יומת.
אל תניחוה לצאת דרך מוצא העזרה אל העיר פן תמצא עוזרים מתחברים אליה:
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| and whoever follows her. to her aid. |
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והבא אחריה.
לעזרה:
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| is to be put to death. Put him to death. |
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יומת.
המיתוהו:
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| 15And they made a place for her, and she came to the entrance of the Horse Gate to the king's palace, and they put her to death there. |
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טווַיָּשִׂ֚ימוּ לָהּ֙ יָדַ֔יִם וַתָּב֛וֹא אֶל־מְב֥וֹא שַֽׁעַר־הַסּוּסִ֖ים בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְמִית֖וּהָ שָֽׁם: |
| And they made a place for her. a place to escape. |
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וישימו לה ידים.
מקום לנוס:
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| 16And Jehoiada enacted a covenant between himself and all the people and the king, that they should become the Lord's people. |
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טזוַיִּכְרֹ֚ת יְהֽוֹיָדָע֙ בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינ֕וֹ וּבֵ֥ין כָּל־הָעָ֖ם וּבֵ֣ין הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ לִֽהְי֥וֹת לְעָ֖ם לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| between himself and all the people and the king. that all of them, the king and the people, should follow the Lord. |
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ברית בינו ובין כל העם ובין המלך.
שיהו כולם המלך והעם אחרי ה':
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| 17And all the people came to the temple of the Baal and tore it down, and its alters and its images they smashed, and Mattan the priest of the Baal they slew before the altars. |
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יזוַיָּבֹ֨אוּ כָל־הָעָ֚ם בֵּֽית־הַבַּ֙עַל֙ וַֽיִּתְּצֻ֔הוּ וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֥יו וְאֶת־צְלָמָ֖יו שִׁבֵּ֑רוּ וְאֵ֗ת מַתָּן֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הַבַּ֔עַל הָֽרְג֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמִּזְבְּחֽוֹת: |
| 18And the priest set up appointees over the House of the Lord in the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had divided over the House of the Lord to offer up the burnt offerings, as is written in the Law of Moses, with joy and with song, by the hands of David. |
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יחוַיָּשֶׂם֩ יְהֽוֹיָדָ֨ע פְּקֻדֹּ֜ת בֵּ֣ית יְהֹוָ֗ה בְּיַ֨ד הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֣ים הַֽלְוִיִּם֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָלַ֣ק דָּוִיד֘ עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהֹוָה֒ לְֽהַֽעֲל֞וֹת עֹל֣וֹת יְהֹוָ֗ה כַּכָּת֛וּב בְּתוֹרַ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּשִׂמְחָ֣ה וּבְשִׁ֑יר עַ֖ל יְדֵ֥י דָוִֽיד: |
| appointees. Heb. פְּקֻדּוֹת, people appointed to offer burnt offerings and all that is mentioned in this chapter. An example is (Jer. 20:1): “And Pashhur heard, etc. and he was the chief officer (פָּקִיד) in the House of the Lord.” |
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פקדות.
ממונים על זה להעלו' עולות וכל האמור בפרשה דוגמ' (ירמיהו כ׳:א׳) וישמע פשחור וגו' והוא פקיד נגיד בית ה':
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| 19And he stationed the gate keepers over the gates of the House of the Lord, so that no one who was unclean should enter for any matter. |
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יטוַיַּֽעֲמֵד֙ הַשּׁ֣וֹעֲרִ֔ים עַל־שַֽׁעֲרֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יְהֹוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא טָמֵ֖א לְכָל־דָּבָֽר: |
| so that no one who was unclean should enter for any matter. There were also appointees [whose job it was] not to allow any unclean person to enter the forecourt for any reason. |
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ולא יבא טמא לכל דבר.
אף היו פקידים שלא יניחו ליכנס בעזרה שום טמא משום צורך כל דבר:
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| 20And he took the officers of the hundreds and the mighty men and the rulers over the people and all the people of the land, and he brought the king down from the House of the Lord, and they came within the upper gate to the king's palace, and they sat the king upon the throne of the kingdom. |
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כוַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֡וֹת וְאֶת־הָֽאַדִּירִים֩ וְאֶת־הַמּֽוֹשְׁלִ֨ים בָּעָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת| כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֗רֶץ וַיּ֚וֹרֶד אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהֹוָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ בְּתֽוֹךְ־שַׁ֥עַר הָֽעֶלְי֖וֹן בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיּוֹשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֥א הַמַּמְלָכָֽה: |
| 21And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet, and they slew Athaliah by the sword. |
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כאוַיִּשְׂמְח֥וּ כָל־עַם־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהָעִ֣יר שָׁקָ֑טָה וְאֶת־עֲתַלְיָ֖הוּ הֵמִ֥יתוּ בֶחָֽרֶב: |
