| 1These are the journeys of the children of Israel who left the land of Egypt in their legions, under the charge of Moses and Aaron. |
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אאֵ֜לֶּה מַסְעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָֽצְא֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם בְּיַד־משֶׁ֖ה וְאַֽהֲרֹֽן: |
| These are the journeys. Why were these journeys recorded? To inform us of the kind deeds of the Omnipresent, for although He issued a decree to move them around [from place to place] and make them wander in the desert, you should not say that they were moving about and wandering from station to station for all forty years, and they had no rest, because there are only forty-two stages. Deduct fourteen of them, for they all took place in the first year, before the decree, from when they journeyed from Rameses until they arrived in Rithmah, from where the spies were sent, as it says, “Then the people journeyed from Hazeroth [and camped in the desert of Paran].” (12:16); “Send out for yourself men…” (13:2), and here it says, “They journeyed from Hazeroth and camped at Rithmah,” teaching us that it [Rithmah] was in the desert of Paran. Subtract a further eight stages which took place after Aaron’s death-from Mount Hor to the plains of Moab-during the fortieth year, and you will find that throughout the thirty-eight years they made only twenty journeys. I found this in the commentary of R. Moshe (Hadarshan) [the preacher] (Mid. Aggadah). R. Tanchuma expounds it in another way. It is analogous to a king whose son became sick, so he took him to a far away place to have him healed. On the way back, the father began citing all the stages of their journey, saying to him, “This is where we sat, here we were cold, here you had a headache etc.” - [Mid. Tanchuma Massei 3, Num. Rabbah 23:3] |
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אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי.
לָמָּה נִכְתְּבוּ הַמַּסָּעוֹת הַלָּלוּ? לְהוֹדִיעַ חֲסָדָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגָּזַר עֲלֵיהֶם לְטַלְטְלַם וְלַהֲנִיעָם בַּמִּדְבָּר, לֹא תֹאמַר שֶׁהָיוּ נָעִים וּמְטֻלְטָלִים מִמַּסָּע לְמַסָּע כָּל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וְלֹא הָיְתָה לָהֶם מְנוּחָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין כָּאן אֶלָּא אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם מַסָּעוֹת, צֵא מֵהֶם י"ד שֶׁכֻּלָּם הָיוּ בְּשָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה קֹדֶם גְּזֵרָה, מִשֶּׁנָּסְעוּ מֵרַעְמְסֵס עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לְרִתְמָה שֶׁמִּשָּׁם נִשְׁתַּלְּחוּ מְרַגְּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאַחַר נָסְעוּ הָעָם מֵחֲצֵרוֹת" וְגוֹ' (במדבר י"ב), "שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים" וְגוֹ' (שם י"ג), וְכָאן (פסוק י"ח) הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַיִּסְעוּ מֵחֲצֵרֹת וַיַּחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָה", לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהִיא בְמִדְבַּר פָּארָן; וְעוֹד הוֹצֵא מִשָּׁם ח' מַסָּעוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לְאַחַר מִיתַת אַהֲרֹן — מֵהֹר הָהָר עַד עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב — בִּשְׁנַת הָאַרְבָּעִים, נִמְצָא שֶׁכָּל שְׁמוֹנֶה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה לֹא נָסְעוּ אֶלָּא עֶשְׂרִים מַסָּעוֹת, זֶה מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה. וְרַבִּי תַנְחוּמָא דָרַשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָשָׁה אַחֶרֶת: מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה בְנוֹ חוֹלֶה וְהוֹלִיכוֹ לְמָקוֹם רָחוֹק לְרַפֹּאתוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיוּ חוֹזְרִין הִתְחִיל אָבִיו מוֹנֶה כָל הַמַּסָּעוֹת, אָמַר לוֹ, כָּאן יָשַׁנְנוּ, כָּאן הוֹקַרְנוּ, כָּאן חָשַׁשְׁתָּ אֶת רֹאשְׁךָ וְכוּ':
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| 2Moses recorded their starting points for their journeys according to the word of the Lord, and these were their journeys with their starting points. |
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בוַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב משֶׁ֜ה אֶת־מוֹצָֽאֵיהֶ֛ם לְמַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וְאֵ֥לֶּה מַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם לְמוֹצָֽאֵיהֶֽם: |
| 3They journeyed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the day following the Passover sacrifice, the children of Israel left triumphantly before the eyes of all the Egyptians. |
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גוַיִּסְע֤וּ מֵֽרַעְמְסֵס֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן בַּֽחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֑וֹן מִמָּֽחֳרַ֣ת הַפֶּ֗סַח יָֽצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־מִצְרָֽיִם: |
| 4And the Egyptians were busy burying because the Lord had struck down their firstborn and had wrought vengeance against their deities. |
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דוּמִצְרַ֣יִם מְקַבְּרִ֗ים אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם כָּל־בְּכ֑וֹר וּבֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עָשָׂ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה שְׁפָטִֽים: |
| And the Egyptians were busy burying. occupied with their mourning. |
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וּמִצְרַיִם מְקַבְּרִים.
טְרוּדִים בְּאֶבְלָם:
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| 5The children of Israel journeyed from Rameses and camped in Succoth. |
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הוַיִּסְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵֽרַעְמְסֵ֑ס וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּסֻכֹּֽת: |
| 6They journeyed from Succoth and camped in Etham, at the edge of the desert. |
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ווַיִּסְע֖וּ מִסֻּכֹּ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֣וּ בְאֵתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַמִּדְבָּֽר: |
| 7They journeyed from Etham and camped in Pi hahiroth, which faces Baal zephon; and they camped in front of Migdol. |
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זוַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵֽאֵתָ֔ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַֽחִירֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵ֖י בַּ֣עַל צְפ֑וֹן וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י מִגְדֹּֽל: |
| 8They journeyed from Penei hahiroth and crossed in the midst of the sea to the desert. They walked for three days in the desert of Etham and camped in Marah. |
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חוַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַֽחִירֹ֔ת וַיַּֽעַבְר֥וּ בְתֽוֹךְ־הַיָּ֖ם הַמִּדְבָּ֑רָה וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ שְׁל֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר אֵתָ֔ם וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמָרָֽה: |
| 9They journeyed from Marah and arrived in Elim, and in Elim there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there. |
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טוַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִמָּרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֵילִ֑מָה וּ֠בְאֵילִ֠ם שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה עֵינֹ֥ת מַ֛יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים תְּמָרִ֖ים וַיַּחֲנוּ־שָֽׁם: |
| 10They journeyed from Elim and camped by the Red Sea. |
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יוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽאֵילִ֑ם וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ עַל־יַם־סֽוּף: |
| 11They journeyed from the Red Sea and camped in the desert of Sin. |
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יאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִיַּם־ס֑וּף וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּר־סִֽין: |
| 12They journeyed from the desert of Sin and camped in Dophkah. |
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יבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּדְבַּר־סִ֑ין וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּדָפְקָֽה: |
| 13They journeyed from Dophkah and camped in Alush. |
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יגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִדָּפְקָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּאָלֽוּשׁ: |
| 14They journeyed from Alush and camped in Rephidim, but there there was no water for the people to drink. |
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ידוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵאָל֑וּשׁ וַיַּֽחֲנוּ֙ בִּרְפִידִ֔ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֥ם מַ֛יִם לָעָ֖ם לִשְׁתּֽוֹת: |
| 15They journeyed from Rephidim and camped in the Sinai desert. |
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טווַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽרְפִידִ֑ם וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי: |
| 16They journeyed from the Sinai desert and camped in Kivroth hataavah. |
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טזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר סִינָ֑י וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּקִבְרֹ֥ת הַתַּֽאֲוָֽה: |
| 17They journeyed from Kivroth hataavah and camped in Hazeroth |
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יזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקִּבְרֹ֣ת הַתַּֽאֲוָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בַּֽחֲצֵרֹֽת: |
| 18They journeyed from Hazeroth and camped in Rithmah. |
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יחוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחֲצֵרֹ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִתְמָֽה: |
| Rithmah. Heb. רִתְמָה, so named because of the slander of the spies, for it says, “What can He give you, and what can He add to you, you deceitful tongue? Sharpened arrows of a mighty man, with coals of brooms רְתָמִים” (Ps. 120:3-4). - [Mid. Aggadah] |
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וַיַּֽחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָֽה.
עַל שֵׁם לָשׁוֹן הָרָע שֶׁל מְרַגְּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מַה יִּתֵּן לְךָ וּמַה יֹּסִיף לָךְ לָשׁוֹן רְמִיָּה חִצֵּי גִבּוֹר שְׁנוּנִים עִם גַּחֲלֵי רְתָמִים" (תהלים ק"כ):
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| 19They journeyed from Rithmah and camped in Rimmon perez. |
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יטוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽרִתְמָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִמֹּ֥ן פָּֽרֶץ: |
| 20They journeyed from Rimmon perez and camped in Libnah. |
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כוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵרִמֹּ֣ן פָּ֑רֶץ וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּלִבְנָֽה: |
| 21They journeyed from Libnah and camped in Rissah. |
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כאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִלִּבְנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִסָּֽה: |
| 22They journeyed from Rissah and camped in Kehelathah. |
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כבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽרִסָּ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בִּקְהֵלָֽתָה: |
| 23They journeyed from Kehelathah and camped in Mount Shepher. |
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כגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקְּהֵלָ֑תָה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּהַר־שָֽׁפֶר: |
| 24They journeyed from Mount Shepher and camped in Haradah. |
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כדוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽהַר־שָׁ֑פֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בַּֽחֲרָדָֽה: |
| 25They journeyed from Haradah and camped in Makheloth. |
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כהוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחֲרָדָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמַקְהֵלֹֽת: |
| 26They journeyed from Makheloth and camped in Tahath. |
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כווַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמַּקְהֵלֹ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּתָֽחַת: |
| 27They journeyed from Tahath and camped in Tarah. |
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כזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִתָּ֑חַת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּתָֽרַח: |
| 28They journeyed from Tarah and camped in Mithkah. |
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כחוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִתָּ֑רַח וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִתְקָֽה: |
| 29They journeyed from Mithkah and camped in Hashmonah. |
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כטוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּתְקָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּחַשְׁמֹנָֽה: |
| 30They journeyed from Hashmonah and camped in Moseroth. |
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לוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחַשְׁמֹנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמֹֽסֵרֽוֹת: |
| 31They journeyed from Moseroth and camped in Benei jaakan. |
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לאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמֹּֽסֵר֑וֹת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בִּבְנֵ֥י יַֽעֲקָֽן: |
| 32They journeyed from Benei jaakan and camped in Hor hagidgad. |
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לבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִבְּנֵ֣י יַֽעֲקָ֑ן וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּחֹ֥ר הַגִּדְגָּֽד: |
| 33They journeyed from Hor hagidgad and camped in Jotbathah. |
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לגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵחֹ֣ר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָטְבָֽתָה: |
| 34They journeyed from Jotbathah and camped in Abronah. |
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לדוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִיָּטְבָ֑תָה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּעַבְרֹנָֽה: |
| 35They journeyed from Abronah and camped in Etzion geber. |
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להוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעַבְרֹנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֶצְיֹ֥ן גָּֽבֶר: |
| 36They journeyed from Ezion geber and camped in the desert of Zin, which is Kadesh. |
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לווַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעֶצְיֹ֣ן גָּ֑בֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֥וּ בְּמִדְבַּר־צִ֖ן הִ֥וא קָדֵֽשׁ: |
| 37They journeyed from Kadesh and camped at Mount Hor, at the edge of the land of Edom. |
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לזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקָּדֵ֑שׁ וַיַּֽחֲנוּ֙ בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר בִּקְצֵ֖ה אֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם: |
| 38Aaron the kohen ascended Mount Hor at the Lord's bidding and died there, on the first day of the fifth month in the fortieth year of the children of Israel's exodus from Egypt. |
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לחוַיַּ֩עַל֩ אַֽהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶל־הֹ֥ר הָהָ֛ר עַל־פִּ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁ֑ם בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הָֽאַרְבָּעִ֗ים לְצֵ֤את בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֖י בְּאֶחָ֥ד לַחֹֽדֶשׁ: |
| at the Lord’s bidding. [lit., by the mouth of the Lord.] This teaches us that he died by the [Divine] kiss. — [B.B. 17a] |
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עַל־פִּי ה'.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמֵּת בִּנְשִׁיקָה:
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| 39Aaron was one hundred and twenty three years old when he died at Mount Hor. |
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לטוְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁל֧שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה בְּמֹת֖וֹ בְּהֹ֥ר הָהָֽר: |
| 40The Canaanite king of Arad, who dwelt in the south, in the land of Canaan, heard that the children of Israel had arrived. |
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מוַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע הַכְּנַֽעֲנִי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲרָ֔ד וְהֽוּא־ישֵׁ֥ב בַּנֶּ֖גֶב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן בְּבֹ֖א בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| The Canaanite…heard. To teach you that it was the news of Aaron’s death that he heard, for the clouds of glory had withdrawn, and he thought that permission had been granted to wage war against Israel. This is why it [Scripture] repeats it [here]. — [R. H. 3a] |
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וַיִּשְׁמַע הַכְּנַֽעֲנִי.
לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁמִּיתַת אַהֲרֹן הִיא הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁנִּסְתַּלְּקוּ עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד וּכְסָבוּר שֶׁנִּתְּנָה רְשׁוּת לְהִלָּחֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ חָזַר וּכְתָבָהּ (ראש השנה ג'):
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| 41They journeyed from Mount Hor and camped in Zalmonah. |
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מאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵהֹ֣ר הָהָ֑ר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּצַלְמֹנָֽה: |
| 42They journeyed from Zalmonah and camped in Punon. |
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מבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִצַּלְמֹנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּפוּנֹֽן: |
| 43They journeyed from Punon and camped in Oboth. |
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מגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִפּוּנֹ֑ן וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּאֹבֹֽת: |
| 44They journeyed from Oboth and camped at the ruins of Abarim, on the Moabite boundary. |
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מדוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽאֹבֹ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֛וּ בְּעִיֵּ֥י הָֽעֲבָרִ֖ים בִּגְב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב: |
| the ruins of Abarim. Heb. עִיּי הָעֲבָרִים, an expression denoting waste and ruins, as “into a heap (לְעִי) in the field” (Micah 1:6); “they have turned Jerusalem into heaps (לְעִיִּים)” (Ps. 79:1). |
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בְּעִיֵּי הָֽעֲבָרִים.
לְשׁוֹן חֳרָבוֹת וְגַלִּים כְּמוֹ "לְעִי הַשָּׂדֶה" (מיכה א'), "שָׂמוּ אֶת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לְעִיִּים" (תהלים ע"ט):
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| 45They journeyed from the ruins and camped in Dibon gad. |
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מהוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעִיִּ֑ים וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּדִיבֹ֥ן גָּֽד: |
| 46They journeyed from Dibon gad and camped in Almon diblathaimah. |
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מווַיִּסְע֖וּ מִדִּיבֹ֣ן גָּ֑ד וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּעַלְמֹ֥ן דִּבְלָתָֽיְמָה: |
| 47They journeyed from Almon diblathaimah and camped in the mountains of Abarim, in front of Nebo. |
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מזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעַלְמֹ֣ן דִּבְלָתָ֑יְמָה וַיַּֽחֲנ֛וּ בְּהָרֵ֥י הָֽעֲבָרִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י נְבֽוֹ: |
| 48They journeyed from the mountains of Abarim and camped in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho. |
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מחוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽהָרֵ֣י הָֽעֲבָרִ֑ים וַיַּֽחֲנוּ֙ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ: |
| 49They camped along the Jordan from Beth jeshimoth to Abel shittim, in the plains of Moab. |
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מטוַיַּֽחֲנ֤וּ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמֹ֔ת עַ֖ד אָבֵ֣ל הַשִּׁטִּ֑ים בְּעַרְבֹ֖ת מוֹאָֽב: |
| from Beth-jeshimoth to Abel-shittim. This teaches you that the extent of Israel’s camp was twelve mil [a mil equaling approximately 3500 ft.] for Rabbah bar bar Channah said, “I myself saw that place [and it is three parasangs (12 mil) square].” - [Eruvin 55b] |
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מִבֵּית הַיְשִׁמֹת עַד אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים.
כָּאן לִמֶּדְךָ שִׁעוּר מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל י"ב מִיל, דִּאָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה לְדִידִי חָזֵי לִי הַהוּא אַתְרָא וְכוּ' (עירובין נ"ה):
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| Abel-shittim. The plain of Shittim was called Abel. |
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אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים.
מִישׁוֹר שֶׁל שִׁטִּים אָבֵל שְׁמוֹ:
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| 50The Lord spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying: |
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נוַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶל־משֶׁ֖ה בְּעַרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר: |
| 51Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, |
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נאדַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כִּ֥י אַתֶּ֛ם עֹֽבְרִ֥ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן: |
| When you cross the Jordan…you shall drive out…. Were not they previously forewarned about this a number of times? However, Moses said to them, “When you cross over the Jordan on dry land, you shall cross on this condition, for if not, water will come and inundate you.” And so we find that Joshua said the same to them while they were still in the Jordan. — [Sotah 34a] |
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כִּי אַתֶּם עֹֽבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וגו' וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם וגו'.
וַהֲלֹא כַמָּה פְעָמִים הֻזְהֲרוּ עַל כָּךְ? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה כְּשֶׁאַתֶּם עוֹבְרִים בַּיַּרְדֵּן בַּיַּבָּשָׁה עַל מְנָת כֵּן תַּעַבְרוּ, וְאִם לָאו — מַיִם בָּאִין וְשׁוֹטְפִין אֶתְכֶם, וְכֵן מָצִינוּ שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (יהושע ד') בְּעוֹדָם בַּיַּרְדֵּן (סוטה ל"ד):
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| 52you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, destroy all their temples, destroy their molten idols, and demolish their high places. |
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נבוְה֨וֹרַשְׁתֶּ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־יֽשְׁבֵ֤י הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֨בַּדְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־צַלְמֵ֤י מַסֵּֽכֹתָם֙ תְּאַבֵּ֔דוּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־בָּֽמוֹתָ֖ם תַּשְׁמִֽידוּ: |
| You shall drive out. Heb. וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם, you shall drive them out. |
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וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם.
וְגֵרַשְׁתֶּם:
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| their temples. Heb. מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders, סִגְדַּתְהוֹן, their houses of worship, so called because they would cover (מַסְכְּכִין) the ground with a marble floor, on which they would prostrate themselves with outstretched hands and legs, as it is written, “And in your land you shall not place a pavement stone on which to prostrate yourselves (אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית) in your land on which to prostrate yourselves” (Lev. 26:1). |
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מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "בֵּית סִגְדַּתְהוֹן", עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ מְסַכְּכִין אֶת הַקַּרְקַע בְּרִצְפַּת אֲבָנִים שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲווֹת עֲלֵיהֶם בְּפִשּׁוּט יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, כְּדִכְתִיב "וְאֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית לֹא תִתְּנוּ בְּאַרְצְכֶם לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת עָלֶיהָ" (ויקרא כ"ו):
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| their molten [idols]. Heb. מַסֵּכֹתָם, as the Targum renders, מַתְּכַתְהוֹן, their molten [idols]. |
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מַסֵּֽכֹתָם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "מַתְּכַתְהוֹן":
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| 53You shall clear out the Land and settle in it, for I have given you the Land to occupy it. |
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נגוְהֽוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֹתָֽהּ: |
| And you shall clear out the Land. You shall vacate it of its inhabitants, and then you shall “settle in it.” Only then will you be able to survive there, but if you do not do this, you will be unable to survive there. |
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וְהֽוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ.
וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אוֹתָהּ מִיּוֹשְׁבֶיהָ, וְאָז וישבתם בה — תּוּכְלוּ לְהִתְקַיֵּם בָּהּ, וְאִם לָאו — לֹא תוּכְלוּ לְהִתְקַיֵּם בָּהּ:
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| 54You shall give the Land as an inheritance to your families by lot; to the large, you shall give a larger inheritance and to the small you shall give a smaller inheritance; wherever the lot falls shall be his; according to the tribes of your fathers, you shall inherit. |
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נד וְהִתְנַֽחַלְתֶּם֩ אֶת־הָאָ֨רֶץ בְּגוֹרָ֜ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לָרַ֞ב תַּרְבּ֤וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתוֹ֙ וְלַמְעַט֙ תַּמְעִ֣יט אֶת־נַֽחֲלָת֔וֹ אֶל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יֵ֨צֵא ל֥וֹ שָׁ֛מָּה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל ל֣וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֑ה לְמַטּ֥וֹת אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם תִּתְנֶחָֽלוּ: |
| wherever [the lot] falls. Heb. אֶל אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא לוֹ שָׁמָּה, to…that the lot falls. This is an elliptical verse [and its meaning is:] The place to which the lot falls for him, shall be his. |
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אֶל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא לוֹ שָׁמָּה.
מִקְרָא קָצָר הוּא זֶה: אֶל מָקום אשר יצא לו שמה הגורל לו יהיה:
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| according to the tribes of your fathers. According to the number of those who left Egypt (B.B. 117a). Another interpretation: with twelve territories, like the number of tribes. |
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לְמַטּוֹת אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם.
לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן יוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם (בבא בתרא קי"ז); דָּבָר אַחֵר — בְּי"ב גְּבוּלִין כְּמִנְיַן הַשְּׁבָטִים:
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| 55But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the Land from before you, then those whom you leave over will be as spikes in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they will harass you in the land in which you settle. |
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נהוְאִם־לֹ֨א תוֹרִ֜ישׁוּ אֶת־יֽשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֘רֶץ֘ מִפְּנֵיכֶם֒ וְהָיָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תּוֹתִ֣ירוּ מֵהֶ֔ם לְשִׂכִּים֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וְלִצְנִינִ֖ם בְּצִדֵּיכֶ֑ם וְצָֽרְר֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֽשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ: |
| those whom you leave over. They will be a source of misfortune for you. |
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וְהָיָה אֲשֶׁר תּוֹתִירוּ מֵהֶם.
יִהְיוּ לָכֶם לְרָעָה:
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| as spikes in your eyes. Heb. לְשִׂכִּים, pins that will gouge out your eyes. The Targum [Onkelos renders], יְתֵדוֹת (Exod. 38:20), pins or spikes [as] סִכַּיָּא - |
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לְשִׂכִּים בְּעֵינֵיכֶם.
לִיתֵדוֹת הַמְנַקְּרוֹת עֵינֵיכֶם, תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל יְתֵדוֹת "שִׂיכַיָּא":
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| and thorns. Heb. וְלִצְנִינִם. The commentators interpret this in the sense of a hedge of thorns which will surround you, fencing you in and confining you so that none can leave or enter. - |
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וְלִצְנִינִם.
פּוֹתְרִין בּוֹ הַפּוֹתְרִים לְשׁוֹן מְסוּכַת קוֹצִים הַסּוֹכֶכֶת אֶתְכֶם, לִסְגֹּר וְלִכְלֹא אֶתְכֶם מֵאֵין יוֹצֵא וָבָא:
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| and they will harass you. Heb. וְצָרְרוּ, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders [וִיעִיקוּן, and they will harass you, cause you distress]. |
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וְצָֽרְרוּ אֶתְכֶם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ:
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| 56And it will be that what I had intended to do to them, I will do to you. |
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נווְהָיָ֗ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּמִּ֛יתִי לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָהֶ֖ם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם: |
