| 1In his days, Nebuchadnezzar went up, and Jehoiakim was his vassal for three years, then he turned and rebelled against him. |
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אבְּיָמָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וַיְהִי־ל֨וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים עֶ֙בֶד֙ שָׁל֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּֽוֹ: |
| 2And the Lord incited against him bands of Chaldeans and bands of Arameans and bands of Moabites and bands of the children of Ammon, and he incited them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the Lord which He had spoken through His servants, the prophets. |
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בוַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהֹוָ֣ה | בּ֡וֹ אֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּים֩ וְאֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֨י אֲרָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת | גְּדוּדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ גְּדוּדֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥ם בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲבִיד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים: |
| 3Indeed, it was by the order of the Lord against Judah to remove them from before Him, because of the sins of Manasseh, according to all that he had done. |
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גאַ֣ךְ | עַל־פִּ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה לְהָסִ֖יר מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו בְּחַטֹּ֣את מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֹֽה: |
| Indeed, it was by the order of the Lord: all the calamity that befell Judah through these bands. |
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אַךְ עַל פִּי ה' הָיְתָה:
כָּל הָרָעָה הַבָּאָה בִּיהוּדָה עַל יְדֵי הַגְּדוּדִים הָאֵלֶּה.
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| 4And also [because of] the innocent blood that he had shed, and he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood and the Lord did not want to forgive. |
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דוְגַ֚ם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפָ֔ךְ וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֖םִ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לִסְלֹֽחַ: |
| 5And the rest of the events of Jehoiakim and all that he did are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah. |
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הוְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוֹיָקִ֖ים וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֹ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה: |
| 6And Jehoiakim slept with his forefathers, and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead. |
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ווַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב יְהוֹיָקִ֖ים עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹיָכִ֥ין בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו: |
| And Jehoiakim slept with his forefathers: not in his bed, for Nebuchadnezzar bound him with copper chains to take him to Babylon, and they were dragging him, and he died in their hands, as it is said (Jer. 22:19), “The burial of a donkey you shall be buried, dragged and thrown [past the gates of Jerusalem.]” And in II Chron. 36:6, it is written that Nebuchadnezzar bound him to take him to Babylon. |
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וַיִּשְׁכַּב יְהוֹיָקִים:
לֹא עַל מִטָּתוֹ, כִּי אֲסָרוֹ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר בִּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם לְהוֹלִיכוֹ בָּבֶלָה, וְהָיוּ מְגָרְרִין אוֹתוֹ וּמֵת בְּיָדָם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: קְבוּרַת חֲמוֹר יִקָּבֵר סָחוֹב וְהַשְׁלֵךְ. וּבְדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים כָּתַב שֶׁאֲסָרוֹ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר לְהוֹלִיכוֹ בָּבֶלָה.
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| 7And the king of Egypt no longer went out of his land, for the king of Babylonia had taken from the river of Egypt until the Euphrates River, all that belonged to the king of Egypt. |
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זוְלֹֽא־הֹסִ֥יף עוֹד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָצֵ֖את מֵֽאַרְצ֑וֹ כִּֽי־לָקַ֞ח מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֗ל מִנַּ֚חַל מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־נְהַר־פְּרָ֔ת כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיְתָ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם: |
| went out of his land: to aid Jehoiakim |
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לָצֵאת מֵאַרְצוֹ:
לַעֲזֹר לִיהוֹיָקִים.
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| for the king of Babylonia had taken…: for he defeated him in battle in the fourth year of Jehoiakim in Carchemish on the Euphrates River, as is written in the Book of Jeremiah (46:2.) |
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כִּי לָקַח מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל וְגוֹ':
שֶׁנִּצְּחוֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָה בִּשְׁנַת הָרְבִיעִית לִיהוֹיָקִים, בְּכַרְכָּמִישׁ עַל נְהַר פְּרָת, כַּכָּתוּב בְּסֵפֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ.
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| 8Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem, and his mother's name was Nehushta the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. |
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חבֶּן־שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֚ה שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ין בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑םִ וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּ֥א בַת־אֶלְנָתָ֖ן מִירוּשָׁלָֽםִ: |
| 9And he did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord like all that his father had done. |
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טוַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָֹ֖ה אָבִֽיו: |
| 10At that time, the servants of Nebuchadnezzar went up against Jerusalem and the city was brought under siege. |
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יבָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא עָל֗וּ (כתיב עָלֻ֗ה) עַבְדֵ֛י נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ וַתָּבֹ֥א הָעִ֖יר בַּמָּצֽוֹר: |
| 11And Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylonia came to the city, and his servants were besieging it. |
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יאוַיָּבֹ֛א נְבֻֽכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל עַל־הָעִ֑יר וַעֲבָדָ֖יו צָרִ֥ים עָלֶֽיהָ: |
| 12And Jehoiachin, the king of Judah, came out to the king of Babylonia, he and his mother and his servants and his officers and his mighty warriors, and the king of Babylonia took him in the eighth year of his reign. |
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יבוַיֵּצֵ֞א יְהוֹיָכִ֚ין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל ה֣וּא וְאִמּ֔וֹ וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וְשָׂרָ֣יו וְסָֽרִיסָ֑יו וַיִּקַּ֚ח אֹתוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֥ת שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה לְמָלְכֽוֹ: |
| And Jehoiachin, the king of Judah, came out to the king of Babylonia: that he should do to him as he wishes, not for war. |
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וַיֵּצֵא יְהוֹיָכִין מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה עַל מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל:
לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ כִּרְצוֹנוֹ, וְלֹא לְמִלְחָמָה.
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| 13And he removed from there all the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king's palace, and he stripped off all the golden decorations that Solomon king of Israel had made in the Temple of the Lord, as the Lord had spoken. |
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יגוַיּוֹצֵ֣א מִשָּׁ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־אוֹצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהֹוָ֔ה וְאֽוֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְקַצֵּ֞ץ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָֹ֜ה שְׁלֹמֹ֚ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּהֵיכַ֣ל יְהֹוָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 14And he exiled all Jerusalem and all the officers and all the mighty warriors, ten thousand exiles, and all the craftsmen and the sentries of the gates. No one remained except the poorest of the people of the land. |
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ידוְהִגְלָ֣ה אֶת־כָּל־יְ֠רוּשָׁלִַם וְֽאֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֞ים וְאֵ֣ת | כָּל־גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל עֲשֶֹ֚רֶת (כתיב עֲשֶֹ֚רֶה) אֲלָפִים֙ גּוֹלֶ֔ה וְכָל־הֶחָרָ֖שׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּ֑ר לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר זוּלַ֖ת דַּלַּ֥ת עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ: |
| the craftsmen and the sentries of the gates: [Heb. וְהַמַסְגֵר הֶחָרָשׁ] Jonathan rendered: the craftsmen and the sentries of the gates, [translating harash as craftsmen, as in Ex. 28:11, and masger as closing, i.e., those who close the gates.] Our Rabbis, however, said that these were great Torah scholars, that when one would open his mouth to speak, all would remain silent, as it is written (Is. 41:1), “Keep silence (הַחֲרִישׁוּ) before Me, O islands.” “Masger,” all would sit before him and learn from him, as it is said (Is. 22:22), “And he will open, and no one will close, and he will close, and no one will open.” |
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הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר:
תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: אֻמָּנַיָּא וְתַרְעַיָּא. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: חֲכָמִים גְּדוֹלִים בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁכְּשֶׁאֶחָד פּוֹתֵחַ הַכֹּל שׁוֹתְקִין, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: הַחֲרִישׁוּ אֵלַי אִיִּים, מַסְגֵּר, הַכֹּל יוֹשְׁבִין לְפָנָיו וּלְמֵדִין הֵימֶנּוּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּפָתַח וְאֵין סוֹגֵר וְסָגַר וְאֵין פּוֹתֵחַ.
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| 15And he exiled Jehoiachin to Babylon, and the king's mother and the king's wives, and his officers and the dignitaries of the land, he led in exile from Jerusalem to Babylon. |
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טווַיֶּ֥גֶל אֶת־יְהוֹיָכִ֖ין בָּבֶ֑לָה וְאֶת־אֵ֣ם הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְאֶת־נְשׁ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וְאֶת־סָרִיסָ֗יו וְאֵת֙ אֵילֵ֣י (כתיב אֵולֵ֣י) הָאָ֔רֶץ הוֹלִ֛יךְ גּוֹלָ֥ה מִירוּשָׁלַ֖םִ בָּבֶֽלָה: |
| and the dignitaries of the land: These are the dignitaries of Judah and Benjamin, who were righteous men. Concerning them the Scripture states (Jer. 24:5), “Like these good figs, so will I recognize the exiles of Judah.” |
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וְאֶת אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ:
אֵלּוּ חֹרֵי יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִין, וְצַדִּיקִים הָיוּ, עֲלֵיהֶם הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: כַּתְּאֵנִים הַטּוֹבוֹת הָאֵלֶּה כֵּן אַכִּיר אֶת גָּלוּת יְהוּדָה.
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| 16And all the military men seven thousand, and the craftsmen and the gate sentries one thousand, all mighty warriors; and the king of Babylonia brought them into exile to Babylon. |
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טזוְאֵת֩ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַחַ֜יִל שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֗ים וְהֶחָרָ֚שׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר֙ אֶ֔לֶף הַכֹּ֕ל גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים עֹשֵֹ֣י מִלְחָמָ֑ה וַיְבִיאֵ֧ם מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל גּוֹלָ֖ה בָּבֶֽלָה: |
| seven thousand: Yet above (v. 14) he states, “ten thousand.” The third verse comes to reconcile the difference between them. In Jeremiah 52:28, [we read], “This is the people whom Nebuchadnezzar exiled in the seventh year, three thousand Judeans.” We deduce from here that three thousand were of the tribe of Judah and seven thousand of Benjamin and other tribes. Also in Seder Olam ch. 25 I learned this. |
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שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים:
וּלְמַעְלָה הוּא אוֹמֵר עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים, בָּא הַכָּתוּב הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וְהִכְרִיעַ בְּסֵפֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ: זֶה הָעָם אֲשֶׁר הִגְלָה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר בִּשְׁנַת שֶׁבַע יְהוּדִים שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים, אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים הָיוּ מִשֵּׁבֶט יְהוּדָה, וְשִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים מִבִּנְיָמִין וּשְׁאָר שְׁבָטִים, וְאַף בְּסֵדֶר עוֹלָם לָמַדְנוּ כֵּן.
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| 17And the king of Babylonia crowned Mattaniah his uncle in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. |
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יזוַיַּמְלֵ֧ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־מַתַּנְיָ֥ה דֹד֖וֹ תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ: |
| and he changed his name to Zedekiah: May the Lord justify (יָהּ יַצְדִּיק) the judgment upon you if you rebel against me. |
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וַיַּסֵּב אֶת שְׁמוֹ צִדְקִיָּהוּ:
יָהּ יַצְדִּיק עָלֶיךָ אֶת הַדִּין, אִם תִּמְרֹד בִּי.
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| 18Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. |
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יחבֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַחַ֚ת שָׁנָה֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֚ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑םִ וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ חֲמוּטַ֥ל (כתיב חֲמיּטַ֥ל) בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה: |
| 19And he did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord, like all that Jehoiakim had done. |
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יטוַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָֹ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים: |
| 20Because the wrath of the Lord was against Jerusalem and against Judah until He cast them away from before His presence, Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylonia. |
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ככִּ֣י | עַל־אַ֣ף יְהֹוָ֗ה הָיְתָ֚ה בִירוּשָׁלַ֙םִ֙ וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִכ֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל: |
| Because the wrath of the Lord was…: Therefore, Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylonia. The Holy One, Blessed be He, gave [the desire] into his heart to rebel against him in order that he would be exiled. |
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כִּי עַל אַף ה' הָיְתָה וְגוֹ':
לְפִיכָךְ: וַיִּמְרֹד צִדְקִיָּהוּ בְּמֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל, נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּלִבּוֹ לִמְרֹד בּוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּגְלֶה.
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