| 1And they lived [peacefully] three years; there were no wars between Aram; and Israel. |
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אוַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָׁל֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים אֵין מִלְחָמָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין אֲרָ֖ם וּבֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| 2And it was during the third year, that Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel. |
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בוַיְהִ֖י בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑ית וַיֵּ֛רֶד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| in the third year. since he had released Ben-Hadad. |
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בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית.
שֶׁשָּׁלַח אֶת בֶּן הֲדַד.
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| 3And the king of Israel said to his servants: "Do you know that Ramoth-Gilead is ours, and we are doing nothing about taking it out of the hands of the king of Aram." |
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גוַיֹּ֚אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הַיְדַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי־לָ֖נוּ רָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ מַחְשִׁ֔ים מִקַּ֣חַת אֹתָ֔הּ מִיַּ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָֽם: |
| and we do nothing. We are lazy [siamo pigri in Italian]. |
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וַאֲנַחְנוּ מַחְשִׁים.
מִתְעַצְּלִים, סיאמ"ו פיגר"י בְּלַעַ"ז (לְהַחֲרִישׁ).
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| 4And he said to Jehoshaphat, "Will you go with me to do battle in Ramoth Gilead?" And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel: "I am as you are, my people is as your people, my horses are as your horses." |
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דוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט הֲתֵלֵ֥ךְ אִתִּ֛י לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה רָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֚אמֶר יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כָּמ֧וֹנִי כָמ֛וֹךָ כְּעַמִּ֥י כְעַמֶּ֖ךָ כְּסוּסַ֥י כְּסוּסֶֽיךָ: |
| 5And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel: "Please inquire today the word of the Lord. " |
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הוַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל דְּרָשׁ־נָ֥א כַיּ֖וֹם אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 6And the king of Israel gathered the prophets, about four hundred men and said to them, "Shall I go on to Ramoth Gilead, to do battle, or shall I refrain?" And they said, "Ascend, and the Lord will deliver [it] into the hands of the king." |
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ווַיִּקְבֹּ֨ץ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אֶֽת־הַנְּבִיאִים֘ כְּאַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֣וֹת אִישׁ֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם הַאֵלֵ֞ךְ עַל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָ֛ד לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אִם־אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ עֲלֵ֔ה וְיִתֵּ֥ן אֲדֹנָ֖י בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| 7And Jehoshaphat said, "Is there no other prophet of the Lord here from whom we may inquire?" |
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זוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט הַאֵ֨ין פֹּ֥ה נָבִ֛יא לַיהֹוָ֖ה ע֑וֹד וְנִדְרְשָׁ֖ה מֵאוֹתֽוֹ: |
| Is there no other prophet of the Lord here?. I have a tradition that no two prophets prophesy with one expression, and these are all saying the same expression. |
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הַאֵין פֹּה נָבִיא לַה' עוֹד.
מְקֻבְּלַנִי אֵין שְׁנֵי נְבִיאִים מִתְנַבְּאִים בְּלָשׁוֹן אֶחָד, וְאֵלֶּה כֻּלָּם לָשׁוֹן אֶחָד אוֹמְרִים.
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| 8And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "There is one more man from whom to inquire the word of the Lord, but I hate him for he does not prophesy good about me, only bad; Micaiah the son of Imlah." And Jehoshaphat said, "The king should not say so." |
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חוַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל | אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֨ה מֵאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֥י טוֹב֙ כִּ֣י אִם־רָ֔ע מִיכָ֖יְהוּ בֶּן־יִמְלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן: |
| only bad. For he said to me, Since you released the man whom I designated for destruction… |
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כִּי אִם רָע.
לְפִי שֶׁאָמַר: יַעַן שִׁלַּחְתָּ אֶת אִישׁ חֶרְמִי וְגוֹ'.
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| 9And the king of Israel summoned one eunuch, and said, "Bring Micaiah the son of Imlah at once." |
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טוַיִּקְרָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־סָרִ֖יס אֶחָ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַהֲרָ֖ה מִיכָ֥יְהוּ בֶן־יִמְלָֽה: |
| 10Now the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat, king of Judah were seated each on his throne, dressed in [their] attire in a threshing-floor at the entrance of the gate of Samaria, and all the prophets were prophesying before them. |
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יוּמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֡ה ישְׁבִים֩ אִ֨ישׁ עַל־כִּסְא֜וֹ מְלֻבָּשִׁ֚ים בְּגָדִים֙ בְּגֹ֔רֶן פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וְכָ֨ל־הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֖ים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם: |
| 11And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made himself iron horns, and he said, "So said the Lord, 'With these shall you gore the Arameans until you destroy them completely.' " |
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יאוַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥ה בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑ל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם: |
| 12And all the prophets were prophesying so, saying, "Go up to Ramoth-Gilead and triumph, and the Lord will deliver [it] into the king's hand." |
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יבוְכָל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים נִבְּאִ֥ים כֵּ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲלֵ֞ה רָמֹ֚ת גִּלְעָד֙ וְהַצְלַ֔ח וְנָתַ֥ן יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| 13Now the messenger who had gone to summon Micaiah, spoke to him saying, "Behold, the words of the prophets are unanimously favorable to the king. Please let your word be like the word of one of them, and you shall speak favorably." |
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יגוְהַמַּלְאָ֞ךְ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣ךְ | לִקְרֹ֣א מִיכָ֗יְהוּ דִּבֶּ֚ר אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּה־נָ֞א דִּבְרֵ֧י הַנְּבִיאִ֛ים פֶּֽה־אֶחָ֥ד ט֖וֹב אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ יְהִֽי־נָ֣א דְבָרְךָ֗ (כתיב דְבָרְיךָ֗) כִּדְבַ֛ר אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶ֖ם וְדִבַּ֥רְתָּ טּֽוֹב: |
| 14And Micaiah said, "As the Lord lives, for what the Lord will say to me, that will I speak." |
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ידוַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִיכָ֑יְהוּ חַי־יְהֹוָ֕ה כִּ֠י אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֹאמַ֧ר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י אֹת֥וֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר: |
| 15And he came to the king, and the king said to him, "Micaiah, shall we go to Ramoth-Gilead to war or shall we refrain?" And he said to him, "Go up and triumph, and may the Lord deliver it into the king's hand." |
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טווַיָּבוֹא֘ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֵלָ֗יו מִיכָ֙יְהוּ֙ הֲנֵלֵ֞ךְ אֶל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָ֛ד לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אִם־נֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּ֚אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה וְהַצְלַ֔ח וְנָתַ֥ן יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| Go up and triumph. He did not say it to him in the name of the Lord. |
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עֲלֵה וְהַצְלַח.
לֹא אָמַר לוֹ בְּשֵׁם ה'.
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| and may the Lord deliver it. If only the Lord deliver it into the king’s hand. |
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וְנָתַן ה'.
הַלְוַאי יִתֵּן בְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ.
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| 16And the king said to him, "How many times must I adjure you that you shall not speak to me but truth in the name of the Lord?" |
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טזוַיֹּ֚אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַד־כַּמֶּ֥ה פְעָמִ֖ים אֲנִ֣י מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־תְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י רַק־אֱמֶ֖ת בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 17And he said, "I saw all the Israelites scattered over the mountains like sheep who have no shepherd. And the Lord said, 'These have no master. Let them return each one to his house in peace.' " |
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יזוַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֚יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפֹצִ֣ים אֶל־הֶהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֚אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם: |
| These have no master. You alone will perish in the war, as it is stated below (v. 31), “Do not battle with great or small, except with the king of Israel only.” Even though it was stated, (above 20:42) “and your people instead of his people,” the drop of blood that came out of the righteous man, Micaiah, whose friend struck him, striking and wounding him, was an atonement for all Israel. So it is explained in the Aggadah. |
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לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה.
אַתָּה לְבַדְּךָ תָּמוּת בַּמִּלְחָמָה, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִּלָּחֲמוּ אֶת קָטֹן וְאֶת גָּדוֹל כִּי אִם אֶת מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבַדּוֹ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעַמְּךָ תַּחַת עַמּוֹ, טִפָּה שֶׁיָּצְאָה מֵאוֹתוֹ צַדִּיק מִיכָיְהוּ, שֶׁהִכָּהוּ חֲבֵרוֹ הַכֵּה וּפָצוֹעַ, הָיְתָה כַּפָּרָה עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל. כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בָּאַגָּדָה.
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| 18And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "Did I not say to you that he does not prophesy good concerning me, only bad?" |
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יחוַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט הֲלוֹא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֵלֶ֔יךָ לֽוֹא־יִתְנַבֵּ֥א עָלַ֛י ט֖וֹב כִּ֥י אִם־רָֽע: |
| 19And he said, "Therefore, listen to the word of the Lord. I saw the Lord seated on His throne, and all the host of heaven were standing by Him on His right and on His left. |
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יטוַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָכֵ֖ן שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהֹוָ֑ה רָאִ֚יתִי אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ ישֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וְכָל־צְבָ֚א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו מִימִינ֖וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלֽוֹ: |
| On His right and on His left. Now is there left in Heaven? It is not stated, (Ps. 118:16) “The right hand of the Lord is exalted; the right hand of the Lord does valiantly;” (Ex. 15:6) “Your right hand, O Lord, is mighty with power; Your right hand, O Lord, dashes the foe?” But rather, the passage means that these would stand on the right and these would stand on the left. Those who stand on the right present the case for the defense and those who stand on the left present the case for the prosecution. |
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מִימִינוֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ.
וְכִי יֵשׁ שְׂמֹאל לְמַעְלָה, וַהֲלֹא נֶאֱמַר: יְמִין ה' רוֹמֵמָה יְמִין ה' עוֹשָׂה חָיִל: יְמִינְךָ ה' נֶאְדָּרִי בַכֹּחַ יְמִינְךָ ה' תִּרְעַץ אוֹיֵב, אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ מַיְמִינִים וְאֵלּוּ מַשְׂמְאִילִים, מַיְמִינִים מְלַמְּדִים זְכוּת, מַשְׂמְאִילִים מְלַמְּדִים חוֹבָה.
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| 20And the Lord said, 'Who will entice Ahab so that he will go up and fall in Ramoth-Gilead?' One said in this manner and another one said in that manner. |
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כוַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהֹוָ֗ה מִ֚י יְפַתֶּה֙ אֶת־אַחְאָ֔ב וְיַ֕עַל וְיִפֹּ֖ל בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֚אמֶר זֶה֙ בְּכֹ֔ה וְזֶ֥ה אֹמֵ֖ר בְּכֹֽה: |
| 21And a certain spirit came forth and stood before the Lord and said, 'I will entice him,' and the Lord said to him 'How?' |
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כאוַיֵּצֵ֣א הָר֗וּחַ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲנִ֣י אֲפַתֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו בַּמָּֽה: |
| And a certain spirit came forth. The spirit of Naboth. |
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וַיֵּצֵא הָרוּחַ.
רוּחוֹ שֶׁל נָבוֹת.
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| 22And he said, 'I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.' And He said, 'You will entice and you will prevail. Go forth and do so.' |
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כבוַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֙יתִי֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן: |
| 23And now, behold the Lord has placed a lying spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours, whereas the Lord spoke evil concerning you." |
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כגוְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֚ן יְהֹוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהֹוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה: |
| 24And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah approached and struck Micaiah on the cheek, and he said, "Which [way] did the spirit of the Lord pass from me to speak with you?" |
|
כדוַיִּגַּשׁ֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֔ה וַיַּכֶּ֥ה אֶת־מִיכָ֖יְהוּ עַל־הַלֶּ֑חִי וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֵי־זֶ֨ה עָבַ֧ר רֽוּחַ־יְהֹוָ֛ה מֵאִתִּ֖י לְדַבֵּ֥ר אוֹתָֽךְ: |
| Which did the spirit of the Lord pass. Which way did it pass? This is an abbreviated verse. In II Chron. 18:23, it is written: “which way (דרך) did… pass.” |
|
אֵי זֶה עָבַר רוּחַ ה'.
אֵי זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ עָבַר, וַהֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא קָצָר, בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים כְּתִיב: אֵי זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ עָבַר וְגוֹ'.
|
| 25And Micaiah said, "Behold you will see on that day that you will come into a chamber within a chamber to hide." |
|
כהוַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔יְהוּ הִנְּךָ֥ רֹאֶ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֛א חֶ֥דֶר בְּחֶ֖דֶר לְהֵחָבֵֽה: |
| 26And the king of Israel said, "Take Micaiah and return him to Amon the mayor of the city and to Joash the king's son. |
|
כווַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל קַח אֶת־מִיכָ֔יְהוּ וַהֲשִׁיבֵ֖הוּ אֶל־אָמֹ֣ן שַׂר־הָעִ֑יר וְאֶל־יוֹאָ֖שׁ בֶּן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ: |
| 27And you shall say, 'So said the king, "Place this one in prison, and feed him a scant amount of bread and a scant amount of water until I come back in peace.' " |
|
כזוְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כֹּה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שִֹ֥ימוּ אֶת־זֶ֖ה בֵּ֣ית הַכֶּ֑לֶא וְהַאֲכִילֻ֨הוּ לֶ֚חֶם לַ֙חַץ֙ וּמַ֣יִם לַ֔חַץ עַ֖ד בֹּאִ֥י בְשָׁלֽוֹם: |
| 28And Micaiah said: "If you will return in peace, the Lord did not speak to me." And he said, "All the nations listen." |
|
כחוַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔יְהוּ אִם־שׁ֚וֹב תָּשׁוּב֙ בְּשָׁל֔וֹם לֹֽא־דִבֶּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה בִּ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁמְע֖וּ עַמִּ֥ים כֻּלָּֽם: |
| 29The king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramoth-Gilead. |
|
כטוַיַּ֧עַל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָֽד: |
| 30And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "[I will] disguise [myself] and go into battle, and you wear your [regal] garb; the king of Israel disguised himself and went into battle. |
|
לוַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט הִתְחַפֵּשֹ֙ וָבֹ֣א בַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לְבַ֣שׁ בְּגָדֶ֑יךָ וַיִּתְחַפֵּשֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּב֖וֹא בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה: |
| And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself and go into battle. [lit. disguise and go into battle. He told Jehoshaphat of his plans] to disguise himself and go [into battle]. I will disguise myself I will change my regal garb, lest they recognize me, for if they recognize me, they will turn to me to attack me. |
|
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל יְהוֹשָׁפָט הִתְחַפֵּשׂ וָבֹא בַמִּלְחָמָה.
לְהִתְחַפֵּשׂ וְלָבֹא, אֲנִי אֶתְחַפֵּשׂ, אֲשַׁנֶּה בִגְדֵי מַלְכוּתִי שֶׁלֹּא יַכִּירוּנִי, שֶׁאִם יַכִּירוּנִי יָסוּרוּ אֵלַי לְהִלָּחֵם.
|
| and you wear your regal garb. that you are wearing, for you are not the king of Israel, but the king of Judah, and with you they have no conflict. |
|
וְאַתָּה לְבַשׁ בְּגָדֶיךָ.
שֶׁעָלֶיךָ, שֶׁלֹּא מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָתָּה, אֶלָּא מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה, וְעִמְּךָ אֵין לָהֶם תְּגָר.
|
| 31The king of Aram commanded the thirty-two officers of his chariots saying, "Attack neither small nor great, except the king of Israel only." |
|
לאוּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־שָׂרֵי֩ הָרֶ֨כֶב אֲשֶׁר־ל֜וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֚ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹא תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־קָטֹ֖ן וְאֶת־גָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ: |
| 32And it was when the officers of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat that they said: "This is but the king of Israel." They turned upon him to attack [him] and Jehoshaphat cried out. |
|
לבוַיְהִ֡י כִּרְאוֹת֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֜כֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וְהֵ֚מָּה אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַ֣ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיָּסֻ֥רוּ עָלָ֖יו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם וַיִּזְעַ֖ק יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט: |
| and Jehoshaphat cried out. to the Holy One, Blessed be He. |
|
וַיִּזְעַק יְהוֹשָׁפָט.
לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא.
|
| 33And it was when the officers of the chariots saw that he was not the king of Israel, that they turned back from [going] after him. |
|
לגוַיְהִ֗י כִּרְאוֹת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב כִּֽי־לֹא־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ה֑וּא וַיָּשׁ֖וּבוּ מֵאַחֲרָֽיו: |
| 34A man drew his bow innocently and hit the king of Israel between the scales and the coat of mail, and he said to his charioteer, "Turn your hand and carry me out of the camp for I have become sick." |
|
לדוְאִ֗ישׁ מָשַׁ֚ךְ בַּקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לְתֻמּ֔וֹ וַיַּכֶּה֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בֵּ֥ין הַדְּבָקִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ין הַשִּׁרְיָ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְרַכָּב֗וֹ הֲפֹ֥ךְ יָדְךָ֛ וְהוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כִּ֥י הָחֳלֵֽיתִי: |
| A man drew. This was Naaman. |
|
וְאִישׁ מָשַׁךְ.
זֶה נַעֲמָן.
|
| innocently. not knowing that he was the king of Israel. |
|
לְתֻמּוֹ.
לֹא יָדַע שֶׁהוּא מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל.
|
| between the scales and the coat of mail. Some coats of mail are made of layers of scales, in the manner it is stated (I Sam. 17:5) “and a coat of mail,” and the scales fall on the holes of the coat and close them, and they are called דבקים. |
|
בֵּין הַדְּבָקִים וּבֵין הַשִּׁרְיָן.
יֵשׁ שִׁרְיוֹנוֹת שֶׁהֵם עֲשׂוּיִין קְלִפִּים קְלִפִּים, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשִׁרְיוֹן קַשְׂקַשִּׂים, וְהַקְּלִפִּים נוֹפְלִים עַל נִקְבֵי הַשִּׁרְיוֹן וְסוֹתְמִין אוֹתָן, וְהֵם קְרוּיִין דְּבָקִים.
|
| 35The battle became more intense that day and the king was standing in the chariot against the Arameans. He died at evening and the blood of his wounds ran out into the inside of the chariot. |
|
להוַתַּעֲלֶ֚ה הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הָיָ֧ה מָעֳמָ֛ד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה נֹ֣כַח אֲרָ֑ם וַיָּ֣מָת בָּעֶ֔רֶב וַיִּ֥צֶק דַּֽם־הַמַּכָּ֖ה אֶל־חֵ֥יק הָרָֽכֶב: |
| was standing in the chariot. He exerted himself to remain standing so that the Israelites would not become aware of his wound and flee, for flight is the beginning of defeat. |
|
מַעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה.
מִתְחַזֵּק וְעוֹמֵד, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַכִּירוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמַכָּתוֹ וְיִבְרְחוּ, וּתְחִלַּת נְפִילָה נִיסָה.
|
| 36A cry passed through the camp as the sun went down saying, "Everyone to his city, every person to his country." |
|
לווַיַּעֲבֹ֚ר הָרִנָּה֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כְּבֹ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־עִיר֖וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצֽוֹ: |
| 37And the king died and was brought to Samaria, and they buried the king in Samaria. |
|
לזוַיָּ֣מָת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּב֖וֹא שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן: |
| 38And he washed the chariot at the pool of Samaria, and the dogs licked his blood, and they washed the weapons there as according to the word of the Lord which He had spoken. |
|
לחוַיִּשְׁטֹ֨ף אֶת־הָרֶ֜כֶב עַ֣ל | בְּרֵכַ֣ת שֹׁמְר֗וֹן וַיָּלֹ֚קּוּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְהַזֹּנ֖וֹת רָחָ֑צוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר: |
| and the dogs licked his blood. I say that Naboth was killed there, for the prophet said, “In the place that the dogs have licked the blood of Naboth…” (21:19). |
|
וַיָּלֹקּוּ הַכְּלָבִים אֶת דָּמוֹ.
וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי, שֶׁשָּׁם נֶהֱרַג נָבוֹת, שֶׁהֲרֵי אָמַר הַנָּבִיא בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר לָקְקוּ הַכְּלָבִים אֶת דַּם נָבוֹת וְגוֹ'.
|
| and they washed the weapons there of the blood. Jonathan rendered it in this manner. Our Rabbis said, [however, rendering ‘zonoth’ as harlots,] “Ahab was a cold person [who disliked sexual relations” (San. 39b)]. Therefore, Jezebel made for him the image of two harlots in his chariot to stimulate him. [When the chariot was washed, these two images were washed in the pool of Samaria.] |
|
וְהַזֹּנוֹת רָחָצוּ.
וּכְלֵי הַזַּיִן רָחֲצּוּ שָׁם מִן הַדָּם, כָּךְ תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ אַחְאָב מְצֻנָּן הָיָה, וְעָשְׂתָה לּוֹ אִיזֶבֶל דְּמוּת שְׁתֵּי זוֹנוֹת בְּמֶרְכַּבְתּוֹ.
|
| 39The remainder of the deeds of Ahab and all that he accomplished and the ivory palace which he built and all the cities that he built are written in the book of Chronicles of the kings of Israel. |
|
לטוְיֶתֶר֩ דִּבְרֵ֨י אַחְאָ֜ב וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֹ֗ה וּבֵ֚ית הַשֵּׁן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֔ה וְכָל־הֶעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| the ivory palace. Heb. ביתהשן, lit. the palace of the tooth, i.e.,] elephant tooth. |
|
וּבֵית הַשֵּׁן.
שֵׁן דְּפִיל.
|
| 40Ahab lay with his forefathers, and Achaziah his son reigned in his place. |
|
מוַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אַחְאָ֖ב עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲחַזְיָ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו: |
| 41Jehoshaphat the son of Asa reigned over Judah in the fourth year of Ahab the king of Israel. |
|
מאוִיהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ בֶּן־אָסָ֔א מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע לְאַחְאָ֖ב מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| 42Jehoshaphat was thirty-five years of age when he became king; he reigned twenty- five years in Jerusalem, and his mother's name was Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi. |
|
מביְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט בֶּן־שְׁלשִׁ֨ים וְחָמֵ֚שׁ שָׁנָה֙ בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֚ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑םִ וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ עֲזוּבָ֖ה בַּת־שִׁלְחִֽי: |
| 43He went in all the ways of his father Asa-he did not veer from those ways-doing what was proper in the eyes of the Lord. |
|
מגוַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּכָל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ אָסָ֥א אָבִ֖יו לֹא־סָ֣ר מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לַעֲשֹ֥וֹת הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 44However, the high places [of worship] he did not remove. The people were still sacrificing and offering in the high places. |
|
מדאַ֥ךְ הַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹֽא־סָ֑רוּ ע֥וֹד הָעָ֛ם מְזַבְּחִ֥ים וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים בַּבָּמֽוֹת: |
| 45Jehoshaphat made peace with the king of Israel. |
|
מהוַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ם יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט עִם־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| Jehoshaphat made peace with the king of Israel. Since there was war between Assa his father and Baasha the king of Israel, it was necessary to say this. |
|
וַיַּשְׁלֵם יְהוֹשָׁפָט עִם מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל.
לְפִי שֶׁמִּלְחָמָה הָיְתָה בֵּין אָסָא אָבִיו וּבֵין בַּעְשָׁא מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֻזְקַק לוֹמַר כֵּן.
|
| 46The rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat and his heroic deeds that he performed and [the wars] he fought, are written in the Chronicles of the kings of Judah. |
|
מווְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֧י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט וּגְבוּרָת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָֹ֖ה וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נִלְחָ֑ם הֲלֹֽא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה: |
| 47The remainder of the prostitutes that remained from the days of Asa his father he purged from the land. |
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מזוְיֶ֙תֶר֙ הַקָּדֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁאַ֔ר בִּימֵ֖י אָסָ֣א אָבִ֑יו בִּעֵ֖ר מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ: |
| The remainder of the prostitutes. who fornicated in public. |
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וְיֶתֶר הַקָּדֵשׁ.
נוֹהֲגִין נִאוּף בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא.
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| 48There was no king in Edom; a governor was king. |
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מחוּמֶ֥לֶךְ אֵ֛ין בֶּאֱד֖וֹם נִצָּ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ: |
| There was no king in Edom. Since the time of David, the governor was the king This was written here because in the days of Jehoram his son who sinned, in his days Edom rebelled and crowned a king for themselves, but in the time of Jehoshaphat they were still subordinate to him. |
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וּמֶלֶךְ אֵין בֶּאֱדוֹם.
בִּימֵי דָוִד, הַנָּצִיב הוּא הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְכָאן נִכְתַּב, לְפִי שֶׁבִּימֵי יְהוֹרָם בְּנוֹ שֶׁקִּלְקֵל, בְּיָמָיו פָּשַׁע אֱדוֹם וַיַּמְלִיכוּ לָהֶם מֶלֶךְ, אֲבָל בִּימֵי יְהוֹשָׁפָט עֲדַיִן הָיוּ כְּפוּפִין לוֹ.
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| 49Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but he did not go, since the ships were broken at Ezion-Geber. |
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מטיְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט עָשָׂה֩ (כתיב עָשָׂר֩) אֳנִיּ֨וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֜ישׁ לָלֶ֧כֶת אוֹפִ֛ירָה לַזָּהָ֖ב וְלֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ (כתיב נִשְׁבְּרֻ֥ה) אֳנִיּ֖וֹת בְּעֶצְי֥וֹן גָּֽבֶר: |
| since the ships were broken. Since he joined Ahaziah in this undertaking, therefore, they were broken. And so did the prophet say to him in II Chron. (20:37), “Because you have joined a wicked man (sic), the Lord has caused a breach in your undertaking.” |
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כִּי נִשְׁבְּרוּ אֳנִיּוֹת.
לְפִי שֶׁנִּתְחַבֵּר עִם אֲחַזְיָהו בָּזֹאת, לְכָךְ נִשְׁבְּרוּ. וְכֵן אָמַר לוֹ הַנָּבִיא בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים: בְּהִתְחַבֶּרְךָ עִם אֲחַזְיָהוּ פָּרַץ ה' אֶת מַעֲשֶׂיךָ.
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| 50Then Ahaziah the son of Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, "Let my servants go with your servants in the ships," but Jehoshaphat did not want. |
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נאָ֠ז אָמַ֞ר אֲחַזְיָ֚הוּ בֶן־אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט יֵלְכ֧וּ עֲבָדַ֛י עִם־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ בָּאֳנִיּ֑וֹת וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט: |
| 51Jehoshaphat lay with his fathers and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father, and Jehoram his son reigned in his stead. |
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נאוַיִּשְׁכַּ֚ב יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵר֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו בְּעִ֖יר דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹרָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו: |
| 52Ahaziah the son of Ahab reigned over Israel in Samaria in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, and he ruled over Israel for two years. |
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נבאֲחַזְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אַחְאָ֗ב מָלַ֚ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁבַ֣ע עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁנָתָֽיִם: |
| in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat. Some wonder about this verse, since it is stated concerning Ahab that he reigned twenty-two, and concerning Jehoshaphat it is stated that he became king in the fourth year of Ahab. It is found that Ahab’s rule ended in the nineteenth year of Jehoshaphat. Yet here [Scripture states that Ahaziah became king in the seventeenth year of Jeohshaphat. However, I searched and found that concerning most kings of Israel [Scripture] is not exact in the number of their years, and if one became king at the end of a year, he counts it at the beginning, but he does not count it elsewhere. Therefore, I say that “in the fourth year of Ahab” (v. 41) that is mentioned in reference to Jehoshaphat’s becoming king, does not count with it Ahab’s first year. And so you find in the majority of cases. Also, the year in which Jehoshaphat became king is not included in these seventeen years. |
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בִּשְׁנַת שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה לִיהוֹשָׁפָט.
יֵשׁ מַתְמִיהִים עַל הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה, לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּאַחְאָב שֶׁמָּלַךְ עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם, וּבִיהוֹשָׁפָט נֶאֱמַר שֶׁעָמַד בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְאַחְאָב, נִמְצָא שֶׁכָּלוּ יְמֵי אַחְאָב בִּשְׁנַת תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה לִיהוֹשָׁפָט, וְכָאן הוּא אוֹמֵר שֶׁמָּלַךְ אֲחַזְיָה בִּשְׁנַת שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה לִיהוֹשָׁפָט. אַךְ בָּדַקְתִּי וּמָצָאתִי בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְדַקְדֵּק בְּמִנְיַן שְׁנוֹתֵיהֶם, וְאִם עָמַד בְּסוֹף שָׁנָה, מוֹנֶה אוֹתָהּ לוֹ בִּתְחִלָּתוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ מוֹנֶה אוֹתָהּ לוֹ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, לְכָךְ אֲנִי אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְאַחְאָב שֶׁאָמַר בַּעֲמִידָתוֹ שֶׁל יְהוֹשָׁפָט, לֹא נִמְנֵית עִמּוֹ שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל אַחְאָב, וְכֵן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בְּרֻבָּם, וְגַם שָׁנָה שֶׁעָמַד יְהוֹשָׁפָט, לֹא נִמְנֵית בִּשְׁנַת שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה הַלָּלוּ.
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| 53He did what was bad in the eyes of the Lord. He went in the path of his father and the path of his mother, and in the path of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin. |
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נגוַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדֶ֚רֶךְ אָבִיו֙ וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ אִמּ֔וֹ וּבְדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| 54He worshipped the Baal, he bowed to him and he provoked the Lord, God of Israel to anger, like all that his father had done. |
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נדוַֽיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ וַיַּכְעֵ֗ס אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָֹ֖ה אָבִֽיו: |
