| 1And it was in the four hundred and eightieth year after the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month Ziv, which (is) the second month of Solomon's reign over Israel, that he did (begin to) build the house of the Lord. |
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אוַיְהִ֣י בִשְׁמוֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֣ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֣וֹת שָׁנָ֡ה לְצֵ֣את בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֩ בַּשָּׁנָ֨ה הָרְבִיעִ֜ית בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ זִ֗ו הוּא הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י לִמְלֹ֥ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּ֥בֶן הַבַּ֖יִת לַיהֹוָֽה: |
| In the month of Ziv: This is Iyar. The word Ziv means bloom. [It is called Ziv] because [in that month] there is the bloom of the trees. And Targum Jonathan translated this similarly ‘the bloom of the buds.’ |
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בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו:
הוּא אִיָּר, דְּאִית בֵּהּ זִיוָא לְאִילָנָא, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: זִיו נִיצָנַיָּא.
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| Which is the second month: [Iyar is considered the second month] when numbering the months, since Nissan is the beginning of the year in [the numbering of] the months. |
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הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי:
לְמִנְיַן הֶחֳדָשִׁים, שֶׁהֲרֵי נִיסָן רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לֶחֳדָשִׁים.
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| Of Solomon’s reign: “the fourth year.” [It was] the fourth [year] of Solomon’s reign. And so does he also state in Chronicles II (3:2) “And he began to build in the second month in the fourth year of his reign.” |
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לִמְלֹךְ שְׁלֹמֹה:
מוּסַב עַל הַשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית, רְבִיעִית לְמַלְכוּת שְׁלֹמֹה, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים: וַיָּחֶל לִבְנוֹת בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְמַלְכוּתוֹ.
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| 2And the house which king Solomon built for the Lord, the length thereof (was) sixty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits. |
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בוְהַבַּ֗יִת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנָ֜ה הַמֶּ֚לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה שִׁשִּֽׁים־אַמָּ֥ה אָרְכּ֖וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים רָחְבּ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה קוֹמָתֽוֹ: |
| Sixty cubits: [This included] the Temple [proper] and the Holy of Holies together. |
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שִׁשִּׁים אַמָּה:
הַהֵיכָל וְהַדְּבִיר יַחַד.
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| 3And the porch before the temple of the house, twenty cubits (was) the length thereof, before the breadth of the house, (and) ten cubits (was) the breadth thereof before the house. |
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גוְהָאוּלָ֗ם עַל־פְּנֵי֙ הֵיכַ֣ל הַבַּ֔יִת עֶשְׂרִ֚ים אַמָּה֙ אָרְכּ֔וֹ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י רֹ֣חַב הַבָּ֑יִת עֶ֧שֶׂר בָּאַמָּ֛ה רָחְבּ֖וֹ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַבָּֽיִת: |
| And the porch before: before the Temple, in it’s entranceway. |
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וְהָאוּלָם עַל פְּנֵי:
לִפְנֵי הַהֵיכָל בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ.
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| The length thereof before the breadth of the house: The length of the porch was along the width of the Temple [and extended] from the north to the south. All larger [measurements] are called the length, and the lesser [measurements] are called the width. Since in the Temple proper the measurement from the east to the west was greater, that was called the length, and in the porch that the measurement from the north to the south was the larger, therein was called the length from the north to the south, and from the east to the west therein was called the width. |
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אָרְכּוֹ עַל פְּנֵי רֹחַב הַבָּיִת:
אֹרֶךְ הָאוּלָם לְרָחְבּוֹ שֶׁל הַהֵיכָל מִן הַצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם. כָּל מִדָּה הַיְתֵרָה קְרוּיָה אֹרֶךְ, וְהַפְּחוּתָה קְרוּיָה רֹחַב, לְפִי שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל מִדַּת מִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב יְתֵרָה, קְרוּיָה אֹרֶךְ, וּבָאוּלָם שֶׁמִּדַּת מִצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם יְתֵרָה בּוֹ, קְרוּיָה אֹרֶךְ מִן הַצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם, וּמִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב קְרוּיָה בּוֹ רֹחַב.
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| Before the house: [The porch was] in front of the house [of the Temple], on the eastern side [and was] on the outside. |
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עַל פְּנֵי הַבָּיִת:
לִפְנֵי הַבַּיִת, לְצַד מִזְרָח לְצַד חוּץ.
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| 4And he made for the house windows broad without, and narrow within. |
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דוַיַּ֣עַשׂ לַבָּ֔יִת חַלּוֹנֵ֖י שְׁקֻפִ֥ים אֲטֻמִֽים: |
| Broad without and narrow within: Our Sages explained שְּׁקוּפִים as an expression of looking and an opening and an observation. These windows were constructed so that they were open on the outside and closed (אֲטוּמִים) on the inside. [The opening was wider on the outside] and narrow on the inside. This was not in the usual manner of all other windows which are made [expressly] for illumination. |
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שְׁקֻפִים אֲטֻמִים:
רַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּ: שְׁקוּפִים לְשׁוֹן רְאִיָּה וּפְתִיחָה וְהַשְׁקָפָה, פְּתוּחִים מִבַּחוּץ וַאֲטוּמִים מִבִּפְנִים, קְצָרִים מִבִּפְנִים, שֶׁלֹּא כְּדֶרֶךְ שְׁאָר חַלּוֹנוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת הָעֲשׂוּיוֹת לְמָאוֹר, לְהַרְאוֹת שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְאוֹרָה.
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| 5And against the wall of the house he built a chamber round about, (against) the walls of the house round about, (both) of the temple and of the sanctuary, and he made chambers round about. |
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הוַיִּבֶן֩ עַל־קִ֨יר הַבַּ֚יִת יָצִ֙יעַ֙ (כתיב יָצִ֙ועַ֙) סָבִ֔יב אֶת־קִיר֚וֹת הַבַּ֙יִת֙ סָבִ֔יב לַֽהֵיכָ֖ל וְלַדְּבִ֑יר וַיַּ֥עַשׂ צְלָע֖וֹת סָבִֽיב: |
| A chamber: Appentis in French, a projecting gallery. This chamber had three names, יָצִיעַ a wing or extension of the building תָּא, a compartment, צֶלָע a side chamber. Thus is this explained in Baba Bathra 61a. |
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יָצִיעַ:
אפנטי"ץ בְּלַעַ"ז (יָצִיעַ), וּשְׁלשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת יֵשׁ לָהּ, יָצִיעַ, תָּא, צֶלַע כַּךְ מְפוֹרָשׁ בְּבָּבָא בַּתְרָא.
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| Against the walls of the house round about: That is to say against the Temple and the house of the Holy of Holies, which is [synonymous with] the דְבִיר, he made chambers on the outside at the south, and at the west and the north. And the end of the sentence is an explanation of the beginning. And he built “on” the wall of the house, meaning “near” the wall of the house, a chamber round about. How did he make it? Against the walls of the house, that is, the Temple and the Holy of Holies, he made chambers. |
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אֶת קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת סָבִיב:
כְּלוֹמַר כְּנֶגֶד הַהֵיכָל וּבֵית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים הוּא הַדְּבִיר, עָשָׂה צְלָעוֹת מִבַּחוּץ, לְדָרוֹם וּלְמַעֲרָב וּלְצָפוֹן, וְסוֹף הַמִּקְרָא הוּא פֵּרוּשׁ לְרֹאשׁוֹ, וַיִּבֶן עַל קִיר הַבַּיִת, סָמוּךְ לְקִיר הַבַּיִת, יָצִיעַ סָבִיב, כֵּיצַד עָשָׂה? אֶת קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת לַהֵיכָל וְלַדְּבִיר, עָשָׂה צְלָעוֹת.
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| He made: Heb. ויעש, like עשה, “he made.” And likewise, “He was (ויהי) my salvation” (Exodus 15:2), like, “He was (היה) my salvation.” |
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וַיַּעַשׂ:
כְּמוֹ עָשָׂה, וְכֵן: וַיְהִי לִי לִישׁוּעָה, כְּמוֹ הָיָה לִי לִישׁוּעָה.
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| 6The nethermost chamber (was) five cubits broad, and the middle (was) six cubits broad, and the third (was) seven cubits broad, for he made rebatements in (the wall of) the house round about on the outside, that (the beams) should not have hold in the walls of the house. |
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והַיָּצִ֨יעַ (כתיב הַיָּצִ֨ועַ) הַתַּחְתֹּנָ֜ה חָמֵ֧שׁ בָּאַמָּ֣ה רָחְבָּ֗הּ וְהַתִּֽיכֹנָה֙ שֵׁ֚שׁ בָּֽאַמָּה֙ רָחְבָּ֔הּ וְהַ֨שְּׁלִישִׁ֔ית שֶׁ֥בַע בָּאַמָּ֖ה רָחְבָּ֑הּ כִּ֡י מִגְרָעוֹת֩ נָתַ֨ן לַבַּ֚יִת סָבִיב֙ ח֔וּצָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י אֲחֹ֥ז בְּקִֽירוֹת־הַבָּֽיִת: |
| The nethermost chamber: On each side [of the Temple] the chambers were [built in] three [tiers], one on the other. And the measurement of its length is not stated here, [only its width]. And in the Tractate Midoth (4:3) we learned [as follows]: There were thirty-eight chambers [in all], fifteen in the north, five on top of five, and five [more] on top of them, and the same [number] in the south. And eight [more were] in the west, three on top of three and two [more] on top of them. The nethermost [chamber] was five [cubits wide] and the middle ones were six [cubits], and the top ones seven. Why [was this difference]? For he made rebatements in [the wall] of the house round about on the outside. The height of the chamber was five cubits, and as the height of the wall of the Temple [proper] reached five cubits he reduced its thickness and recessed it one cubit inward [on the outside], and on that recess he placed the ends of the beams of the roof at the top of the chamber which served as the floor of the middle one. And as the wall reached ten [cubits] he again recessed it one cubit [in order] to place the ends of the beams of the roof of the middle chamber which served as the floor of the upper chamber. We [thus] find the middle one is broader than the lower one by one cubit, and the upper one is broader than the middle one by one cubit. |
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הַיָּצִיעַ הַתַּחְתֹּנָה:
בְּכָל רוּחַ וְרוּחַ הָיוּ הַתָּאִים שְׁלשָׁה זֶה עַל זֶה, וּמִדַּת אָרְכּוֹ לֹא נֶאֶמְרָה כָּאן, וּבְמַסֶּכֶת מִדּוֹת שָׁנִינוּ: שְׁלשִׁים וּשְׁמוֹנָה תָּאִים הָיוּ, חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בַּצָּפוֹן, חֲמִשָּׁה עַל גַּבֵּי חֲמִשָּׁה, וַחֲמִשָּׁה עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, וְכֵן בַּדָּרוֹם, וּשְׁמוֹנָה בַּמַּעֲרָב, שְׁלשָׁה עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁלשָׁה, וּשְׁנַיִם עַל גַּבֵּיהֶם, הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה חָמֵשׁ, וְהָאֶמְצָעוֹת שֵׁשׁ, וְהָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת שֶׁבַע, לָמָּה? כִּי מִגְרָעוֹת נָתַן לַבַּיִת סָבִיב חוּצָה, קוֹמַת הַתָּא חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת, וּכְשֶׁעוֹלֶה כֹּתֶל הַהֵיכָל חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת, גּוֹרֵעַ אֶת עָבְיוֹ, וְכִנֵּס בּוֹ אַמָּה לְפָנִים, וְהִנִּיחַ עַל אוֹתָהּ כְּנִיסָה רָאשֵׁי קוֹרוֹת גַּג עֲלִיַּת הַתָּא, שֶׁהִיא קַרְקָעִית לְאֶמְצָעִית, וּכְשֶׁעוֹלֶה עֶשֶׂר, כִּנֵס אַמָּה, לְהַנִּיחַ רָאשֵׁי קוֹרוֹת עֲלִיַּת הָאֶמְצָעִית, שֶׁהִיא קַרְקַע הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, נִמְצֵאת אֶמְצָעִית רְחָבָה מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה אַמָּה, וְהָעֶלְיוֹנָה רְחָבָה מִן הַתִּיכוֹנָה אַמָּה.
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| That the beams should not have hold in the walls of the house: In order not to join the ends of the beams to the walls through perforations in the walls of the house, since this causes the deterioration of the wall and is [also] not beautiful, architecturally. |
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לְבִלְתִּי אֲחֹז בְּקִירוֹת הַבָּיִת:
שֶׁלֹּא לְדַבֵּק רָאשֵׁי הַקּוֹרוֹת דֶּרֶךְ נְקָבִים בְּקִירוֹת הַבַּיִת, שֶׁקִּלְקוּל הַחוֹמָה הוּא, וְאֵינוֹ דֶּרֶךְ נוֹי.
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| 7And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone finished at the quarry, and there was neither hammer nor axe (nor) any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building. |
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זוְהַבַּ֙יִת֙ בְּהִבָּ֣נֹת֔וֹ אֶ֥בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֖ה מַסָּ֣ע נִבְנָ֑ה וּמַקָּב֚וֹת וְהַגַּרְזֶן֙ כָּל־כְּלִ֣י בַרְזֶ֔ל לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֥ע בַּבַּ֖יִת בְּהִבָּנֹתֽוֹ: |
| When it was in building, of stone finished at the quarry: as it was removed from the mountain, through the worm שָּׁמִיר [which cuts through stones]. Exactly as it came from there, they set it into the wall of the structure, and they did not chisel it further with any metal tools. And the hewn stones which are mentioned above [in 5:31, indicating that the stones were cut to some degree], is a controversy discussed in the Tractate Sota (48b). |
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בְּהִבָּנֹתוֹ אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה מַסָּע:
כְּמוֹ שֶׁהִסִּיעוּהָ מִן הָהָר עַל יְדֵי הַשָּׁמִיר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהִיא בָּאָה מִשָּׁם, נְתָנוּהָ בְּחוֹמַת הַבִּנְיָן, וְלֹא סִתְּתוּהָ בִּכְלֵי בַרְזֶל, וְאַבְנֵי גָזִית הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה, מַחֲלֹקֶת הִיא בְּסוֹטָה (מח ב).
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| And hammers: Delutta, a chisel, in the Russian language. |
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וּמַקָּבוֹת:
דלוט"א בִּלְשׁוֹן רוּסְיָא (פַּטִּישׁ).
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| 8The door of the lowest chamber (was) in the right side of the house, and with winding stairs they went up into the middle (chamber), and from the middle into the third. |
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חפֶּ֗תַח הַצֵּלָע֙ הַתִּ֣יכֹנָ֔ה אֶל־כֶּ֥תֶף הַבַּ֖יִת הַיְמָנִ֑ית וּבְלוּלִּ֗ים יַֽעֲלוּ֙ עַל־הַתִּ֣יכֹנָ֔ה וּמִן־הַתִּֽיכֹנָ֖ה אֶל־הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁים: |
| The door of the lowest chamber was in the right side of the house: Jonathan rendered this word תִּיכוֹנָה as “the lowest,” not תִּיכוֹנָה [which is] between the upper and lower ones [as is usually translated]. Because the five chambers on the southern side had one opening to the outside which was in the lowest story. And this [second usage of the word תִּיכוֹנָה in this same verse] “and with winding stairs they went up into the middle (תִּיכוֹנָה) chamber,” Jonathan rendered תִּיכוֹנָה; “the middle” because these chambers were not opened to the outside. There were three openings to each [of the chambers]. Thus is this taught in the Tractate Midos (4: 3), “One was to the chamber on the right and one was to the chamber on the left and one to the chamber above.” And the prophet teaches us here that [only] one of the lower [chambers] on the southern side had an opening to the outside and [only] through that opening can we enter all of the chambers on all sides. And the “middle chamber” of the verse, הַצֵלָע הַתִּיכוֹנָה, is not the middle one between the upper and the lower, but the middle one of the five chambers on the southern side which had an opening to the outside in the lowest story. And this is the meaning of “and with winding stairs they went up” עַל הַתִּיכוֹנָה “into the middle chamber” which was above it, signifying that צֵלָע הַתִּיכוֹנָה was below. |
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פֶּתַח הַצֵּלָע הַתִּיכֹנָה אֶל כֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת הַיְמָנִית:
יוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם תִּיכוֹנָה זוֹ כְּמוֹ תַּחְתּוֹנָה, לֹא תִּיכוֹנָה בֵּין עֶלְיוֹנָה לַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, שֶׁבְּחָמֵשׁ תָּאִים שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם הָיָה לָהּ פֶּתַח אֶל הַחוּץ בַּשּׁוּרָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, וְזֶה (הַתַּרְגּוּם) ּובְלוּלִים יַעֲלוּ עַל הַתִּיכוֹנָה הַתִּיכֹנָה תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: מְצִיעָתָא, כִּי הַתָּאִים הַלָּלוּ לֹא הָיוּ פְּתוּחִים אֶל הַחוּץ. שְׁלשָׁה פְּתָחִים הָיוּ לְכָל אֶחָד, כָּךְ הִיא שְׁנוּיָה בְּמַסֶּכֶת מִדּוֹת (שָׁם), אֶחָד לַתָּא מִן הַיָּמִין, וְאֶחָד לַתָּא מִן הַשְּׂמֹאל, וְאֶחָד לַתָּא שֶׁעַל גַּבָּיו. וְלִמֵּד כָּאן, שֶׁאֶחָד מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים שֶׁבְּכֹתֶל דְּרוֹמִי, הָיָה לוֹ פֶּתַח אֶל הַחוּץ, וְדֶרֶךְ אוֹתוֹ פֶּתַח נִכְנָסִים לְכֻלָּם, 'וְצֵלָע הַתִּיכוֹנָה' דִּקְרָא, לֹא תִּיכוֹנָה בֵּין עֶלְיוֹנָה לַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, אֶלָּא תִּיכוֹנָה שֶׁבְּחָמֵשׁ תָּאִים שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם הָיָה לָהּ פֶּתַח אֶל הַחוּץ בַּשּׁוּרָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, וְזֶהוּ תַּרְגּוּם 'וּבְלוּלִּים יַעֲלוּ עַל הַתִּיכוֹנָה', שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה הֵימֶנָּה, מַשְׁמָע דְהַצֶּלַע הַתִּיכוֹנָה לְמַטָּה.
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| With winding stairs: Jonathan rendered the word לוּל, a winding staircase, and that is called in our language vis (o.f.) and in German Vindelstein, and the commonly used name is schvindel stieg, and that is a structure of stone pillars made in the form of stairs, and he who goes on them is likened to one spiraling around a column and ascending on it several cubits high without inclining the steps as [would be necessary] by an ordinary ladder because its spiral serves as its incline. |
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בְּלוּלִּים:
תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: מְסִבָּתָא, וְהוּא שֶׁקּוֹרִין בִּלְשׁוֹנֵנוּ וויי"ן בְּלַעַ"ז וּבִלְשׁוֹן אַשְׁכְּנַז ווינד"ל שטיי"ן, וְשָׁם הַמֻּרְגָּל שווינד"ל שטי"ג (מַדְרֵגוֹת לוּלְיָנִיּוֹת), וְהוּא בִּנְיַן עַמּוּד אֲבָנִים עָשׂוּי מַעֲלוֹת מַעֲלוֹת, וְהַהוֹלֵךְ בָּהֶן דּוֹמֶה כְּמַקִּיף סְבִיבוֹת עַמּוּד, וְעוֹלִין בּוֹ כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה אַמּוֹת גָּבוֹהַּ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְשֶׁפַע כִּשְׁאָר סֻלָּם, כִּי הִקִּיפוֹ הוּא שִׁפּוּעַ.
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| into the third: Heb. שְּׁלִישִׁים, like שְּׁלִישִׁיִּים. |
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אֶל הַשְּׁלִשִׁים:
כְּמוֹ אֶל הַשְּׁלִישִׁים.
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| 9And he built the house, and finished it, and he covered the house with panelling and joined planks of cedar. |
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טוַיִּ֥בֶן אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וַיְכַלֵּ֑הוּ וַיִּסְפֹּ֚ן אֶת־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ גֵּבִ֔ים וּשְׂדֵרֹ֖ת בָּאֲרָזִֽים: |
| And he covered: An expression of covering of the ceiling. |
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וַיִּסְפֹּן:
לְשׁוֹן כִּסּוּי תִּקְרָה.
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| With panelling and joined planks of cedar: [There were] two ceilings. [The] one made for beauty was below, and [the] one of planks of cedar was above. That of panelling was the lower one. And Jonathan rendered גֵּבִים as הַנְתּוּכִין, but I do not know what they are. And I did hear in the name of Rabbi Menachem… that they are boards woven beautifully in the form of a design, and it is called in our language (o.f.) celed and in German it [is called] gehimmelt and that is an expression of [something] heavenly [in appearance or in height] as the highest part of the beam. And I say they are hollowed bricks, and they are like half a round reed, which are used as coverings for houses [in German, dekziegel]. |
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גֵּבִים וּשְׂדֵרֹת בָּאֲרָזִים:
שְׁתֵּי תִּקְרָאוֹת, אַחַת עֲשׂוּיָה לְנוֹי מִלְּמַטָּה, וְאַחַת שֶׁל לוּחֵי אֲרָזִים מִלְּמַעְלָה, שֶׁל גֵּבִים הִיא הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה. וְתִרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: בְּהַנְתּוּכִין, וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מָה הֵן, וְשָׁמַעְתִּי מִשְּׁמוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מְנַחֵם זַצַ"ל, שֶׁהֵם נְסָרִים אֲרוּגִים נָאִים כְּמִין צוּרָה, וְקוֹרִין לוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹנֵנוּ צילי"ד (תִקְרָה) (וּבִלְשׁוֹן אַשְׁכְּנַז גהימל"ט), וְהִיא לְשׁוֹן 'שָׁמַיִם ', 'שְׁמֵי קוֹרָה'. וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, שֶׁהֵם לְבֵנִים חֲלוּלִים, וְהֵם כַּחֲצִי קָנֶה עָגֹל, שֶׁעוֹשִׂין לְכִסּוּי בָּתִּים (בִּלְשׁוֹן אַשְׁכְּנַז דעק ציגל — רְעַפִים).
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| panelling: In Aramaic, vaulted canes. |
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גֵּבִים:
לָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי: גּוּבְתָּא דְּקַנְיָא, וְהֵם הָיוּ (לְמַעְלָה), וְהַשְּׂדֵרוֹת (לְמַטָּה).
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| joined planks: Planks of cedar were laid over the panels, to provide a footing for when they would go to oversee the maintenance of the house [Temple]. Similarly, Jonathan renders, “and above them [the panels] were rows of joined planks made of cedars beams.” The word רכפת [in the Targum] denotes adjacency [as the planks were adjoining to each other]. Elsewhere (II Sam. 22:12) it says, “thick clouds of the sky” for which the Targum renders: “a cluster of light clouds” [which gave the appearance of thick clouds]. |
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וּשְׂדֵרֹת:
לוּחֵי אֲרָזִים סְדוּרִים לְמַעְלָה מִן הַגֵּבִים, לִדְרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל, כְּשֶׁעוֹלִין לִרְאוֹת בְּבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת. וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: וּשְׂדֵרוֹת בָּאֲרָזִים: וְעֵילָּא מִנְּהוֹן (רוֹצֶה לוֹמַר, מִן הַגֵּבִים) סִידְרָא דְרִכְפַּת רֵישֵׁי שִׁרְיָתָא אַרְזַיָּא, וְרִכְפַּת לְשׁוֹן תְּכִיפַת, וַחֲבֵרוֹ: עָבֵי שְׁחָקִים, תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: מֵרִכְפַּת עֲנָנִין קְלִילִין.
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| 10And he built the chambers against all the house, (each) five cubits high; and he covered the house with timber of cedar. |
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יוַיִּ֚בֶן אֶת־הַיָּצִ֙יעַ֙ (כתיב הַיָּצִ֙ועַ֙) עַל־כָּל־הַבַּ֔יִת חָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת קֽוֹמָת֑וֹ וַיֶּאֱחֹ֥ז אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת בַּעֲצֵ֥י אֲרָזִֽים: |
| Five cubits high: [was the height] of each chamber. Therefore their [total] height of the three stories was fifteen cubits besides the thickness of the ceiling. |
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חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת קוֹמָתוֹ:
שֶׁל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, הֲרֵי גָּבְהָן חָמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמּוֹת, לְבַד עֳבִי הַתִּקְרָה.
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| And he covered the house: That was the upper covering of the roof, and the covering mentioned above (6:9) that was the ceiling of the upper story. |
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וַיֶּאֱחֹז אֶת הַבַּיִת:
הוּא כִּסּוּי הַגַּג הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְהַסִּפּוּן הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה, הוּא תִּקְרַת הָעֲלִיָּה.
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| 11And the word of the Lord came to Solomon saying, |
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יאוַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהֹוָ֔ה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר: |
| 12(Concerning) this house which you are building, if you walk in My statutes, and execute My ordinances, and keep all My commandments to walk in them; then will I establish My word with you, which I spoke to David your father. |
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יבהַבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה בֹנֶ֗ה אִם־תֵּלֵ֚ךְ בְּחֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י תַּֽעֲשֶֹ֔ה וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֥ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֹתַ֖י לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם וַהֲקִמֹתִ֚י אֶת־דְּבָרִי֙ אִתָּ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיךָ: |
| 13And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will not forsake My people, Israel. |
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יגוְשָׁ֣כַנְתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֥א אֶעֱזֹ֖ב אֶת־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| 14And Solomon built the house and finished it. |
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ידוַיִּ֧בֶן שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וַיְכַלֵּֽהוּ: |
| 15And he built the walls of the house within boards of cedar; from the floor of the house till the joists of the ceiling, he covered them on the inside with wood; and he covered the floor of the house with boards of cypress. |
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טווַיִּבֶן֩ אֶת־קִיר֨וֹת הַבַּ֚יִת מִבַּ֙יְתָה֙ בְּצַלְע֣וֹת אֲרָזִ֔ים מִקַּרְקַ֚ע הַבַּ֙יִת֙ עַד־קִיר֣וֹת הַסִּפֻּ֔ן צִפָּ֥ה עֵ֖ץ מִבָּ֑יִת וַיְצַ֛ף אֶת־קַרְקַ֥ע הַבַּ֖יִת בְּצַלְע֥וֹת בְּרוֹשִֽׁים: |
| Within with boards of cedar: [He placed the] boards of cedar against the stone wall in order to coat it with gold, as he says below (6: 21) “And Solomon overlaid the house from within with pure gold,” and it is impossible to coat the gold on top of the stones [directly], except with wood and nails. |
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מִבַּיְתָה בְּצַלְעוֹת אֲרָזִים:
קִירוֹת אֶרֶז אֵצֶל קִיר הָאֶבֶן, כְּדֵי לָטוּחַ עָלָיו זָהָב, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר לְמַטָּה (פסוק כא): וַיְצַף שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת הַבַּיִת פְּנִימָה זָהָב סָגוּר, וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לָטוּחַ זָהָב עַל גַּבֵּי הָאֲבָנִים, כִּי אִם בְּעֵצִים וּבְמַסְמְרוֹת.
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| The joists of the ceiling: The boards of the attic. |
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קִירוֹת הַסִּפֻּן:
קִירוֹת הָעֲלִיָּה.
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| The floor of the house: [He covered] the entire floor. |
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אֶת קַרְקַע הַבַּיִת:
הָרִצְפָּה כֻּלָּהּ.
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| 16And he built the twenty cubits at the end of the house with boards of cedar; from the floor unto the joists (of the ceiling), and he built it within, for a Sanctuary, for the Holy of Holies. |
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טזוַיִּבֶן֩ אֶת־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים אַמָּ֜ה מִֽיַּרְכְּתֵ֚י (כתיב מִֽיַּרְכְּותֵ֚י) הַבַּ֙יִת֙ בְּצַלְע֣וֹת אֲרָזִ֔ים מִן־הַקַּרְקַ֖ע עַד־הַקִּיר֑וֹת וַיִּ֚בֶן לוֹ֙ מִבַּ֣יִת לִדְבִ֔יר לְקֹ֖דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים: |
| And he built the twenty cubits at the end of the house: The twenty cubits which were at the end of the Temple and beyond, and those twenty cubits which were at the end of the house, they are the house containing the Ark cover [that is, the Holiest of Holies]. |
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אֶת עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה מִיַּרְכְּתֵי הַבַּיִת:
עֶשְׂרִים שֶׁהֵן מִסּוֹף הַהֵיכָל וָהָלְאָה, וְהָעֶשְׂרִים שֶׁבְּסוֹף הַבַּיִת, הֵן שֶׁל בֵּית הַכַּפֹּרֶת (דְּהַיְנוּ קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים).
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| Unto the joists: Until the ceiling did he make the walls of cedar to cover the wall of stone in order to coat it [with] gold. |
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עַד הַקִּירוֹת:
עַד הַתִּקְרָה, עָשָׂה קִיר אֶרֶז לְכַסּוֹת קִיר הָאֶבֶן, לָטוּחַ עָלָיו זָהָב.
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| And he built it: Those [very] twenty cubits. |
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וַיִּבֶן לוֹ:
אוֹתָם עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה.
|
| Within for a sanctuary: Inward of the partition [called] ‘Amma Traksin’ which separated between the [area of] forty [cubits] and that of twenty. And [it was] that partition which is called ‘Dvir.’ |
|
מִבַּיִת לִדְבִיר:
לִפְנִים מִמְּחִצַּת אַמָּה טְרַקְסִין, הַמַּפְסֶקֶת בֵּין אַרְבָּעִים לְעֶשְׂרִים, וְאוֹתָהּ מְחִצָּה קְרוּיָה דְּבִיר.
|
| For the Holy of Holies: He set aside those twenty cubits. |
|
לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים:
הִבְדִּילָן לְאוֹתָן עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה.
|
| 17And forty cubits was the house, that is the Temple before (the Sanctuary). |
|
יזוְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים בָּאַמָּ֖ה הָיָ֣ה הַבָּ֑יִת ה֖וּא הַהֵיכָ֥ל לִפְנָֽי: |
| The Temple before: In front of the partition towards the outside. |
|
הַהֵיכָל לִפְנָי:
לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר לְצַד הַחוּץ.
|
| 18And the cedar of the house within (was) carved with knobs and open flowers; all (was) cedar; there was no stone seen. |
|
יחוְאֶ֚רֶז אֶל־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ פְּנִ֔ימָה מִקְלַ֣עַת פְּקָעִ֔ים וּפְטוּרֵ֖י צִצִּ֑ים הַכֹּ֣ל אֶ֔רֶז אֵ֥ין אֶ֖בֶן נִרְאָֽה: |
| And the cedar of the house within was carved with knobs: This means: and those boards of cedar which he made for the house within to cover the walls of stone, were carved with figured carvings and forms of fragments resembling knobs, פְּקָעִים lmosjjls in (o. f.). |
|
וְאֶרֶז אֶל הַבַּיִת פְּנִימָה מִקְלַעַת פְּקָעִים:
פֵּרוּשׁ, וְאוֹתָם קִירוֹת אֲרָזִים שֶׁעָשָׂה אֶל הַבַּיִת פְּנִימָה, לְכַסּוֹת קִיר הָאֶבֶן, קָלוּעַ הָיָה בְּצִיּוּרֵי קְלִיעוֹת וְצוּרוֹת פְּקָעִים, כְּמִין כַּפְתּוֹרִים, פְּקָעִים, למויישייל"ש בְּלַעַ"ז (פְּקָעוֹת, כַּפְתוֹרֵי נוֹי).
|
| And open flowers: Jonathan rendered this: and cords and flowers in the form of chains. |
|
וּפְטוּרֵי צִצִּים:
תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: וְאַטּוּנִין שׁוֹשַׁנִּין, צוּרַת שַׁלְשְׁלָאוֹת.
|
| Open: פְּטוּרֵי is an expression of cords in the language of the Talmud, like “as the rope (כפיטורי) through the loophole” (Moed Katan 29a). |
|
פְּטוּרֵי:
לְשׁוֹן חֲבָלִים, כִּלְשׁוֹן גְּמָרָא, כְּמוֹ כְּפִיטוּרֵי בְפִי וֵשֶׁט.
|
| Flowers: צִצִים is an expression of flowers, like “and it bloomed blossoms (ויצץ ציץ)” (Deut. 17:23). [Translated together it means] cords and blossoms. But Menachem [in establishing the roots of the words], related this word פְּטוּרִי to ‘open,’ maintaining it is of biblical derivation, an expression of “the opening of (פטר) the womb” (Exodus 13: 15) and as “they open (יפטירו) the lip” (Psalms 22:8). |
|
צִצִּים:
לְשׁוֹן פְּרָחִים, כְּמוֹ: וַיָּצֶץ צִיץ, חֲבָלִים וּפְרָחִים. וּמְנַחֵם חִבְּרוֹ: פְּטוּרֵי, לְשׁוֹן: פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם, וּכְמוֹ: יַפְטִירוּ בְשָׂפָה.
|
| All was cedar there was no stone seen: [The Targum translates:] All of the house was covered with boards of cedar, no stone was seen. |
|
הַכֹּל אֶרֶז אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָה:
תַּרְגּוּם: כָּל בֵּיתָא חָפֵי נִסְרִין דְּאַרְזָא לֵית אַבְנָא מִתְחַזְיָא.
|
| Carved with knobs: Jonathan rendered [this:] and engraved was a resemblance of eggs. |
|
מִקְלַעַת פְּקָעִים:
תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: גְלַף חֵיזוּ בֵיעִין (פֵּרוּשׁ, חָקוּק כִּדְמוּת בֵּיצִים עֲגֻלִּים).
|
| 19And the Sanctuary he prepared in the midst of the house within, to set there the ark of the covenant of the Lord. |
|
יטוּדְבִ֧יר בְּתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֛יִת מִפְּנִ֖ימָה הֵכִ֑ין לְתִתֵּ֣ן שָׁ֔ם אֶת־אֲר֖וֹן בְּרִ֥ית יְהֹוָֽה: |
| And the Sanctuary in the midst of the house: The partition called ‘Amma Traksin.’ |
|
וּדְבִיר בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת:
מְחִצַּת אַמָּה טְרַקְסִין.
|
| To set: Heb. לתתן, like לָתֵת. |
|
לְתִתֵּן:
כְּמוֹ לָתֵת.
|
| 20And within the Sanctuary (was) twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits its height, and he overlaid it with pure gold; and he covered the altar with cedar. |
|
כוְלִפְנֵ֣י הַדְּבִ֡יר עֶשְׂרִים֩ אַמָּ֨ה אֹ֜רֶךְ וְעֶשְׂרִ֧ים אַמָּ֣ה רֹ֗חַב וְעֶשְׂרִ֚ים אַמָּה֙ קֽוֹמָת֔וֹ וַיְצַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וַיְצַ֥ף מִזְבֵּ֖חַ אָֽרֶז: |
| And within the Sanctuary: [Literally, before the partition, that is] within that partition [was] an area of twenty [cubits] long and twenty [cubits] wide. |
|
וְלִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר:
לִפְנִים מֵאוֹתָהּ מְחִצָּה, חָלָל שֶׁל עֶשְׂרִים אֹרֶךְ, וְשֶׁל עֶשְׂרִים רֹחַב.
|
| And twenty cubits its height: That is to say, [according to literal translation,] the height of the room of the Holy of Holies was lower than that of the Temple. |
|
וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה קוֹמָתוֹ:
כְּלוֹמַר, עֲלִיַּת שֶׁל בֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים, נְמוּכָה מִשֶּׁל הֵיכָל.
|
| and he overlaid it: The ‘Dvir,’ which is the partition. |
|
וַיְצַפֵּהוּ:
לַדְּבִיר, הִיא הַמְּחִצָּה.
|
| Pure gold: Our Sages explained (Yoma 45a) this [word סגור, which means closed, to describe gold, as follows:] at the time this type of gold was opened to be sold, all other stores [selling gold] were closed, because of their comparatively inferior quality. But Jonathan rendered this: good gold. He [most likely,] meant to translate [the word סָגוּר, closed, as follows]: he who has any of this gold ‘locks’ it away for himself. |
|
זָהָב סָגוּר:
פֵּרְשׁוּ בּוֹ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּפְתָּח לִמָּכֵר, כָּל חֲנֻיּוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת נִסְגָּרוֹת. וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: דְּהָב טָב, רוֹצֶה לוֹמַר: מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ, סוֹגְרוֹ לְעַצְמוֹ.
|
| And he covered the altar with cedar: That is the golden altar [used for the burning] of incense, but I am perplexed, why was that of Moses hidden? |
|
וַיְצַף מִזְבֵּחַ אָרֶז:
הוּא מִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת. וְתָמֵהַּ אֲנִי, וְשֶׁל משֶׁה לָמָּה נִגְנַז.
|
| 21And Solomon overlaid the house from within with pure gold; and he barred with chains of gold before the Sanctuary, and he overlaid it with gold. |
|
כאוַיְצַ֨ף שְׁלֹמֹ֧ה אֶת־הַבַּ֛יִת מִפְּנִ֖ימָה זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וַיְעַבֵּ֞ר בְּרַתּוּק֚וֹת (כתיב בְּרַתּיּק֚וֹת) זָהָב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַדְּבִ֔יר וַיְצַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָֽב: |
| The house: [This is] the house of the Holy of Holies. |
|
אֶת הַבַּיִת:
בֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים.
|
| And he barred: Heb. ויעבר, an expression of [attaching] bolts. |
|
וַיְעַבֵּר:
לְשׁוֹן בְּרִיחִים.
|
| With chains: Heb. בְּרַתּוֹקוֹת [is translated as] chains. |
|
בְּרַתּוּקוֹת:
שַׁלְשְׁלָאוֹת.
|
| 22And the whole house he overlaid with gold, until all the house was finished; and the whole altar that (was) by the Sanctuary he overlaid with gold. |
|
כבוְאֶת־כָּל־הַבַּ֛יִת צִפָּ֥ה זָהָ֖ב עַד־תֹּ֣ם כָּל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְכָל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ אֲֽשֶׁר־לַדְּבִ֖יר צִפָּ֥ה זָהָֽב: |
| And the whole house: All of the entire Temple. |
|
וְאֶת כָּל הַבַּיִת:
כָּל הַהֵיכָל כֻּלּוֹ.
|
| 23And he made within the Sanctuary two cherubim (of) olive-wood, (each) ten cubits its height. |
|
כגוַיַּ֣עַשׂ בַּדְּבִ֔יר שְׁנֵ֥י כְרוּבִ֖ים עֲצֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמּ֖וֹת קוֹמָתֽוֹ: |
| Olive wood: olive wood |
|
עֲצֵי שָׁמֶן:
(תַּרְגּוּם:) דְּאָעֵי זֵיתָא.
|
| Ten cubits its height: And their legs were standing on the ground. One [was] on the north [side] of the Ark and one on the south [side, their wings] covering the Ark and its staffs. The length of the wings covered part of the [width of the] staffs, since the length of the Ark was set to the width of the house and its staffs were protruding at the entrance of the Sanctuary into the curtain which was before the entrance. And the staffs were set at the ends of the length [sides] of the Ark in order that two Levites should be able to enter between them when they were carrying it in the desert. |
|
עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת קוֹמָתוֹ:
וְרַגְלֵיהֶם בַּקַּרְקַע עוֹמְדִים, אֶחָד מִצָּפוֹן לָאָרוֹן, וְאֶחָד מִן הַדָּרוֹם, סוֹכְכִים עַל הָאָרוֹן וְעַל בַּדָּיו, אֹרֶךְ הַכְּנָפַיִם מְכַסִּים מִקְצָת (רֹחַב הַבַּדִּים), שֶׁהָאָרוֹן הָיָה נָתוּן אָרְכּוֹ לְרָחְבּוֹ שֶׁל בַּיִת, וּבַדָּיו בּוֹלְטִין בְּפֶתַח הַדְּבִיר בַּפָּרֹכֶת שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הַפֶּתַח, וּבַדָּיו נְתוּנִין בְּרָאשֵׁי אָרְכָּן, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵי לְוִיִּם יְכוֹלִים לִכָּנֵס בֵּינֵיהֶם, כְּשֶׁנּוֹשְׂאִין אוֹתוֹ בַּמִּדְבָּר.
|
| 24And five cubits (was) the one wing of the cherub, and five cubits the other wing of the cherub; ten cubits (were) from the uttermost part of its (one) wing to the uttermost part of its (other) wing. |
|
כדוְחָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֗וֹת כְּנַ֚ף הַכְּרוּב֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וְחָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת כְּנַ֥ף הַכְּר֖וּב הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית עֶ֣שֶׂר אַמּ֔וֹת מִקְצ֥וֹת כְּנָפָ֖יו וְעַד־קְצ֥וֹת כְּנָפָֽיו: |
| Ten cubits were from the uttermost part of its one wing to the uttermost part of its other wing: As they are spread. Consequently, the wings of both cherubs, which touched one another, filled the entire space of twenty cubits [the width of the Sanctuary]. And [since] the bodies of the cherubim have not been included in the measurement, [although they, too, occupied part of the twenty cubits, this proves that] it stood by [means of] a miracle. |
|
עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת מִקְצוֹת כְּנָפָיו וְעַד קְצוֹת כְּנָפָיו:
כְּשֶׁהֵן פְּרוּשׂוֹת, נִמְצָאוֹת כַּנְפוֹת שְׁנֵיהֶם שֶׁהָיוּ נוֹגְעוֹת זוֹ בָּזוֹ, מְמַלְּאוֹת כָּל חֲלַל עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה, וְגוּף הַכְּרוּבִים אֵינוֹ מִן הַמִּדָּה, וְעוֹמֵד בְּנֵס.
|
| 25And ten cubits (was) the other cherub; both the cherubim (were) of one measure and one form. |
|
כהוְעֶ֙שֶׂר֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה הַכְּר֖וּב הַשֵּׁנִ֑י מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֛ת וְקֶ֥צֶב אֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים: |
| 26The height of the one cherub (was) ten cubits, and so (was it of) the other cherub. |
|
כוקוֹמַת֙ הַכְּר֣וּב הָֽאֶחָ֔ד עֶ֖שֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֑ה וְכֵ֖ן הַכְּר֥וּב הַשֵּׁנִֽי: |
| 27And he set the cherubim within the inner house; and they stretched forth the wings of the cherubim, and the wing of the one touched the wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall; and their wings in the midst of the house touched one another. |
|
כזוַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִ֜ים בְּת֣וֹךְ | הַבַּ֣יִת הַפְּנִימִ֗י וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ֘ אֶת־כַּנְפֵ֣י הַכְּרֻבִים֒ וַתִּגַּ֚ע כְּנַף־הָֽאֶחָד֙ בַּקִּ֔יר וּכְנַף֙ הַכְּר֣וּב הַשֵּׁנִ֔י נֹגַ֖עַת בַּקִּ֣יר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י וְכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַבַּ֔יִת נֹגְעֹ֖ת כָּנָ֥ף אֶל־כָּנָֽף: |
| And the wing of the one touched the wall: [The] north [wall]. |
|
וַתִּגַּע כְּנַף הָאֶחָד בַּקִּיר:
צָפוֹן.
|
| And the wing of the other Cherub touched: The southern wall. They covered the Ark and its staffs. |
|
וּכְנַף הַכְּרוּב הַשֵּׁנִי נֹגַעַת בַּקִּיר:
הַדָּרוֹם, סוֹכְכִים עַל הָאָרוֹן וְעַל בַּדָּיו.
|
| And their wings in the midst of the house: the ends of the wings which were towards the center of the house. |
|
וְכַנְפֵיהֶם אֶל תּוֹךְ הַבַּיִת:
וְרָאשֵׁי הַכְּנָפַיִם אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶמְצַע הַבַּיִת.
|
| Touched one another: Since the entire space of the house was twenty. |
|
נֹגְעֹת כָּנָף אֶל כָּנָף:
שֶׁכָּל חֲלַל הַבַּיִת עֶשְׂרִים.
|
| 28And he overlaid the cherubim with gold. |
|
כחוַיְצַ֥ף אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִ֖ים זָהָֽב: |
| 29And all the walls of the house he surrounded with figures, carved figures of cherubim and palm trees and open flowers; from within and for the one without. |
|
כטוְאֵת֩ כָּל־קִיר֨וֹת הַבַּ֜יִת מֵסַ֣ב | קָלַ֗ע פִּתּוּחֵי֙ מִקְלְעוֹת֙ כְּרוּבִ֣ים וְתִֽמֹרֹ֔ת וּפְטוּרֵ֖י צִצִּ֑ים מִלִּפְנִ֖ים וְלַחִיצֽוֹן: |
| And all the walls of the house: The wooden walls. |
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וְאֵת כָּל קִירוֹת הַבַּיִת: קִירוֹת הָעֵץ. |
| He surrounded with figures: surrounded with drawings. |
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מֵסַב קָלַע: מֻקֶּפֶת צִיּוּרִין. |
| Carved figures of cherubim: Engraved forms of cherubim, and palm trees, and cords, and flowers. |
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פִּתּוּחֵי מִקְלְעוֹת כְּרוּבִים: חֲקוּקֵי צוּרַת כְּרוּבִים וּדְקָלִים וַחֲבָלִים וּפְרָחִים. |
| From within and for the one without: From the house of the ark cover [which is the Holy of Holies,] the one within, and to the Temple, the one without. |
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מִלִּפְנִים וְלַחִיצוֹן: לְבֵית הַכַּפֹּרֶת הַפְּנִימִי, וְלַהֵיכָל הַחִיצוֹן. |
| 30And the floor of the house he overlaid with gold; for the one within and for the one without. |
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לוְאֶת־קַרְקַ֥ע הַבַּ֖יִת צִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֑ב לִפְנִ֖ימָה וְלַחִיצֽוֹן: |
| And the floor of the house: the entire floor. |
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וְאֶת קַרְקַע הַבַּיִת:
כָּל הָרִצְפָּה.
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| For the one within and for the one without: For the house of the ark cover. |
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לִפְנִימָה וְלַחִיצוֹן:
לְבֵית הַכַּפֹּרֶת וְלַהֵיכָל.
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| 31And for the entrance of the Sanctuary, he made doors (of) olive-wood; the lintel and sideposts (were) of five parts. |
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לאוְאֵת֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַדְּבִ֔יר עָשָֹ֖ה דַּלְת֣וֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן הָאַ֥יִל מְזוּז֖וֹת חֲמִשִֽׁית: |
| Olive-wood: Heb. עצי שמן, literally wood of oil, meaning olive-wood. |
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עֲצֵי שָׁמֶן:
עֲצֵי זַיִת.
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| The lintel: The אֵילֵי of the entrance are the doorposts from this side and the other. They were made round, similar to וְאֵילַמָיו אֵילָיו אֵילִים (Ezekiel 40:10, 9, 21). (Other editions have וְאֵלוֹן אֵלָה, [a type of tree which is tall and curved,] and likewise in all of the structure of Ezekiel (Ezekiel 40) the doorposts of the entrance are called אֵילִים. |
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הָאַיִל:
אֵילֵי הַפֶּתַח, הֵם הַמְּזוּזוֹת שֶׁמִּכָּאן וּמִכָּאן, עֲשׂוּיוֹת עֲגֻלּוֹת, כְּמִין אֵילִים אֵילָיו וְאֵילַמָּיו (נֻסְחָה אַחֶרֶת: אֵלָה וְאַלּוֹן) וְכֵן בְּכָל בִּנְיַן יְחֶזְקֵאל, סִפּוֹת הַפְּתָחִים קְרוּיִים אֵילִים.
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| Sideposts were of five parts: The threshold is one, and the sideposts on both sides are two, [together] there are three, and the lintel which is on it was made in two [parts]. Thus have I heard. But I say, מְזוּזוֹתחֲמִשִׁית [means] (there were) five sides to each of the door posts and it was not four-sided. [These posts were in the shape of a pentagon rather than rectangular Rabeinu Yashaya.] And he is neither speaking about the threshold nor the lintel, since we do not find the threshold or the lintel called אֵילִים. |
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מְזוּזוֹת חֲמִשִׁית:
הַמִּפְתָּן הָאֶחָד, וְהַמְּזוּזוֹת מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן שְׁתַּיִם, הֲרֵי שָׁלשׁ, וְהַמַּשְׁקוֹף שֶׁעָלָיו עָשׂוּי כִּשְׁתַּיִם כָּזֶה כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי. וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, מְזוּזוֹת חֲמִישִׁית, חֲמִשָּׁה צְלָעוֹת הָיוּ לִמְזוּזוֹת, וְלֹא הָיְתָה מְרֻבַּעַת, וְאֵינוֹ מְדַבֵּר לֹא בַּמִּפְתָּן וְלֹא בַּמַּשְׁקוֹף, שֶׁלֹּא מָצִינוּ מִפְתָּן וּמַשְׁקוֹף קְרוּיִין אֵילִים.
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| 32And two doors of olive-wood, and he carved upon them carvings of cherubim and palm trees and open flowers, and he overlaid (them) with gold; and spread the gold upon the cherubim, and upon the palm trees. |
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לבוּשְׁתֵּי֘ דַּלְת֣וֹת עֲצֵי־שֶׁמֶן֒ וְקָלַ֣ע עֲ֠לֵיהֶם מִקְלְע֨וֹת כְּרוּבִ֧ים וְתִמֹר֛וֹת וּפְטוּרֵ֥י צִצִּ֖ים וְצִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֑ב וַיָּ֛רֶד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִ֥ים וְעַל־הַתִּֽמֹר֖וֹת אֶת־הַזָּהָֽב: |
| And he spread upon the cherubim: He spread the gold in thin sheets [to sink them] into the engraved forms, so that it be sunken into the engraved places and protrude on the protrusions, [and] so that the gold shall not [cover and thereby] destroy the figures, and the figures [engraved] in the wood shall be [clearly] seen in the gold. |
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וַיָּרֶד עַל הַכְּרוּבִים:
הָיָה מְרַדֵּד הַזָּהָב טַסִּין דַּקִּין לְשָׁקְעָן בְּפִתּוּחֵי הַצּוּרוֹת, לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹקֵעַ בּוֹ בִּמְקוֹם הַחֲקָק, וּבוֹלֵט עַל הַבְּלִיטָה, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא הַזָּהָב מְבַטֵּל אֶת הַצּוּרוֹת, וְיִהְיוּ צוּרוֹת הָעֵץ נִכָּרוֹת בַּזָּהָב.
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| 33And he made likewise for the entrance of the temple sideposts of olive-wood, of four parts. |
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לגוְכֵ֥ן עָשָֹ֛ה לְפֶ֥תַח הַֽהֵיכָ֖ל מְזוּז֣וֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן מֵאֵ֖ת רְבִעִֽית: |
| Of four parts: The sideposts and frame of the Temple were square and so also did Jonathan translate ‘from their four sides’ [they were] squared. |
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מֵאֵת רְבִעִית:
מְזוּזוֹת הַהֵיכָל הָיוּ רְבוּעוֹת, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: מִן אַרְבָּעָה סִיטְרֵיהוֹן מְרַבְּעִין.
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| 34And two doors of cypress wood; the two leaves of the one door (were) folding, and the two leaves of the other door (were) folding. |
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לדוּשְׁתֵּ֥י דַלְת֖וֹת עֲצֵ֣י בְרוֹשִׁ֑ים שְׁנֵ֨י צְלָעִ֜ים הַדֶּ֚לֶת הָֽאַחַת֙ גְּלִילִ֔ים וּשְׁנֵ֧י קְלָעִ֛ים הַדֶּ֥לֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית גְּלִילִֽים: |
| And two doors: Each [of the doors] was as [large as] half the width of the entrance. |
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וּשְׁתֵּי דַלְתוֹת:
כָּל אַחַת כְּדֵי חֲצִי רֹחַב הַפֶּתַח.
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| The two leaves of the one door: Jonathan translated this: [each door had] two hinges, an upper hinge and a lower hinge. |
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שְׁנֵי צְלָעִים:
תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: תְּרֵין צִירִין, צִיר הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְצִיר הַתַּחְתּוֹן.
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| Folding: Heb. גלילים, oval. |
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גְּלִילִים:
(תַּרְגּוּם: סְגַלְגַּלִּין.
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| And the two leaves: Also this word קְלָעִים is translated hinges like צְלָעִים. This expression קְלָעִים I maintain, is of Aramaic derivation [and is] an expression meaning entering, since the hinge enters into the cavity of the threshold. |
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וּשְׁנֵי קְלָעִים:
אַף זֶה מְתֻרְגָּם צִירִין, לְשׁוֹן קְלָעִים. אוֹמֵר אֲנִי, שֶׁהוּא לָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי, לְשׁוֹן כְּנִיסָה, שֶׁהוּא נִכְנָס בְּחוֹר הַמִּפְתָּן.
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| 35And he carved (thereon) cherubim and palm trees and open flowers; and he overlaid (them) with gold fitted upon the carved work. |
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להוְקָלַ֚ע כְּרוּבִים֙ וְתִ֣מֹר֔וֹת וּפְטֻרֵ֖י צִצִּ֑ים וְצִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֔ב מְיֻשָּׁ֖ר עַל־הַמְּחֻקֶּֽה: |
| And he carved [thereon] cherubim: On the doors [of the Temple]. |
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וְקָלַע כְּרוּבִים:
עַל הַדְּלָתוֹת.
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| Fitted upon the carved work: The gold was [set] with exacting care on the carved forms. It was recessed in the place of its engraving, and [it was raised in the place it was protruding, so that the forms engraved in the wood] be recognized in the gold. |
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מְיֻשָּׁר עַל הַמְּחֻקֶּה:
הַזָּהָב מְכֻוָּן עַל חִקּוּק הַצּוּרוֹת, שׁוֹקֵעַ בִּמְקוֹם שִׁקּוּעוֹ, וּבוֹלֵט בִּמְקוֹם בְּלִיטָתוֹ, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַצּוּרוֹת נִכָּרוֹת בּוֹ.
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| 36And he built the inner court with three rows of hewn stone and a row of cut cedar beams. |
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לווַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔ית שְׁלשָׁ֖ה טוּרֵ֣י גָזִ֑ית וְט֖וּר כְּרֻתֹ֥ת אֲרָזִֽים: |
| The inner court: [This is the courtyard of the priests and the courtyard of the Israelites, and this was located] before the porch, and he calls it “the inner court” because it was [further] inward than the court of women. (We do not find written [anywhere] in the biblical text [the word עֶזְרַת as a reference to the various courts] except in the Mishna [in Midos]). |
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הֶחָצֵר הַפְּנִימִית:
הִיא עֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים וְעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְהִיא הָיְתָה לִפְנֵי הָאוּלָם, וְקוֹרֵא אוֹתָהּ פְּנִימִית, לְפִי שֶׁהָיְתָה לִפְנִים מֵעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים (וּבַמִּקְרָא לֹא מָצִינוּ כָּתוּב 'עֶזְרַת', כִּי אִם בַּמִּשְׁנָה).
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| And a row of cut cedar beams: A tier of [cut] beams [on three tiers of hewn stone]. He made the wall [in this manner]. |
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וְטוּר כְּרֻתֹת אֲרָזִים:
נִדְבָּךְ שֶׁל קִירוֹת (מְחֻטָּבוֹת) עָשָׂה בַּחוֹמָה.
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| 37In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the Lord laid, in the month of Ziv. |
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לזבַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔ית יֻסַּ֖ד בֵּ֣ית יְהֹוָ֑ה בְּיֶ֖רַח זִֽו: |
| In the fourth year: Of King Solomon’s [reign]. |
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בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִת:
לַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה.
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| The foundation of the house of the Lord was laid: Its foundation was begun. |
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יֻסַּד בֵּית ה':
הוּחַל יְסוֹדוֹ.
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| 38And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, which is the eighth month, the house was finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it, and he built it seven years. |
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לחוּבַשָּׁנָה֩ הָאַחַ֨ת עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה בְּיֶ֣רַח בּ֗וּל הוּא הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י כָּלָ֣ה הַבַּ֔יִת לְכָל־דְּבָרָ֖יו וּלְכָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֑יו (כתיב מִשְׁפָּטָ֑ו) וַיִבְנֵ֖הוּ שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים: |
| In the month of Bul: This is known [today] as Marcheshvan. [It is a period when] the grass decays (בָּלֶה) [in the field] and when cattle is given mixed fodder from what is in the house, from the expression “and he gave fodder (וַיָבָל) [to the donkeys]” (Judges 19:21). |
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בְּיֶרַח בּוּל:
הוּא מַרְחֶשְׁוָן, שֶׁהָעֵשֶׂב בָּלָה בַשָּׂדֶה, וּבוֹלְלִין לַבְּהֵמָה מִן הַבַּיִת, מִלְּשׁוֹן: וַיָּבָל לַחֲמוֹרִים.
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