Chapter 105

1Give thanks to the Lord, call out in His name; make His deeds known among the peoples.   אהוֹד֣וּ לַֽ֖יהֹוָה קִרְא֣וּ בִשְׁמ֑וֹ הוֹדִ֥יעוּ בָֽ֜עַמִּ֗ים עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו:
His deeds. Heb. עלילותיו, His deeds.   עלילותיו.  מעלליו:
2Sing to Him, play music to Him, speak of all His wonders.   בשִׁ֣ירוּ ל֖וֹ זַמְּרוּ־ל֑וֹ שִֹ֜֗יחוּ בְּכָל־נִפְלְאֹתָֽיו:
3Boast of His holy name; may the heart of those who seek the Lord rejoice.   גהִתְהַֽלְלוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ יִ֜שְׂמַ֗ח לֵ֚ב | מְבַקְשֵׁ֬י יְהֹוָֽה:
Boast of His holy name. Boast of the stronghold of His holy name that you have a patron like Him. התהללוּ is “porvontez vous” in Old French, [vantez vous in modern French, boast].   התהללו בשם קדשו.  התפארו במעוז שם קדשו שיש לכם פטרון כמוהו, התהללו פורוונטי"ץ וו"ש בלע"ז:
4Search for the Lord and His might; seek His presence constantly.   דדִּרְשׁ֣וּ יְהֹוָ֣ה וְעֻזּ֑וֹ בַּקְּשׁ֖וּ פָנָ֣יו תָּמִֽיד:
5Remember His wonders, which He performed, His miracles and the judgments of His mouth.   הזִכְר֗וּ נִ֖פְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה מֹֽ֜פְתָ֗יו וּמִשְׁפְּטֵי־פִֽיו:
6The seed of Abraham His servant, the children of Jacob, His chosen ones.   וזֶרַע אַבְרָהָ֣ם עַבְדּ֑וֹ בְּנֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֣ב בְּחִירָֽיו:
7He is the Lord our God; throughout all the earth are His judgments.   זהוּא יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ בְּכָל־הָ֜אָ֗רֶץ מִשְׁפָּטָֽיו:
8He remembered His covenant forever, the word He had commanded to the thousandth generation,   חזָכַ֣ר לְעוֹלָ֣ם בְּרִית֑וֹ דָּבָ֥ר צִ֜וָּ֗ה לְאֶ֣לֶף דּֽוֹר:
the word He had commanded to the thousandth generation. The Torah, which He commanded to make known in the world after a thousand generations, but He saw that the world could not exist without Torah, so he skipped 974 generations of them. It may also be interpreted according to its simple meaning: He remembered for Israel His covenant, which He commanded and promised to keep for them for a thousand generations, as the matter of (Deut. 7:9): “Who keeps the covenant and the kindness for those who love Him and who keep His commandments, to a thousand generations.”   דבר צוה לאלף דור.  התורה אשר צוה להודיעה בעולם לאחר אלף דור וראה שאין העולם מתקיים בלא תורה והעביר מהם תשע מאות ושבעים וארבעה דורות, ויש לפתו' כפשוטו זכר לישרא' את בריתו אשר צוה והבטיח לשמור להם לאלף דור כענין שומר הברית והחסד לאהביו ולשומרי מצותיו לאלף דור:
9Which He had made with Abraham, and His oath to Isaac,   טאֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּ֖רַת אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וּשְׁב֖וּעָת֣וֹ לְיִשְׂחָֽק:
10And He set it up to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant,   יוַיַּֽעֲמִידֶ֣הָ לְיַֽעֲקֹ֣ב לְחֹ֑ק לְ֜יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָֽם:
11Saying, "To you I shall give the land of Canaan, the portion of your heritage."   יאלֵאמֹ֗ר לְךָ֣ אֶ֖תֵּן אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן חֶ֜֗בֶל נַֽחֲלַתְכֶֽם:
Saying, “To you I shall give, etc.”. That is the covenant that He made for them.   לאמר לך אתן את ארץ כנען וגו'.  הוא הברית אשר כרת להם:
12When they were few in number, hardly dwelling in it.   יבבִּהְיוֹתָם מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֑ר כִּ֜מְעַ֗ט וְגָרִ֥ים בָּֽהּ:
13And they walked from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people.   יגוַיִּתְהַלְּכוּ מִגּ֣וֹי אֶל־גּ֑וֹי מִ֜מַּמְלָכָ֗ה אֶל־עַ֥ם אַחֵֽר:
And they walked from nation to nation. Abraham sojourned in the land of the Philistines, in Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, and so Isaac, and so Jacob, they all were exiled from one strange place to another strange place.   ויתהלכו מגוי אל גוי.  אברהם גר בארץ פלשתים ובמצרים ובארץ כנען וכן יצחק וכן יעקב כולם גלו מגרות לגרות:
14He let no man oppress them, and He reproved kings on their account.   ידלֹֽא־הִנִּ֣יחַ אָדָ֣ם לְעָשְׁקָ֑ם וַיּ֖וֹכַח עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מְלָכִֽים:
and He reproved kings on their account. (Gen. 12:17): “And the Lord plagued Pharaoh;” (ibid. 20:18), “For the Lord had closed up every womb of the house of Abimelech.”   ויוכח עליהם מלכים.  וינגע ה' את פרעה (בראשית י״ב:י״ז) כי עצור עצר ה' בעד כל רחם לבית אבימלך (שם כ):
15"Do not touch My anointed ones, and do not harm My prophets."   טואַל־תִּגְּע֥וּ בִמְשִׁיחָ֑י וְלִנְבִיאַ֥י אַל־תָּרֵֽעוּ:
My anointed ones. My great ones. Every [expression of] anointing is an expression of rulership and greatness.   אל תגעו במשיחי.  בגדולי, כל משיחה ל' שררה וגדולה:
16He called a famine upon the land; He broke every staff of bread.   טזוַיִּקְרָ֣א רָעָ֣ב עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כָּל־מַטֵּה־לֶ֥חֶם שָׁבָֽר:
He called a famine. in order to exile them to Egypt (I found).   ויקרא רעב.  כדי להגלותם למצרים (מצאתי):
17He sent a man before them; Joseph was sold as a slave.   יזשָׁלַ֣ח לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם אִ֑ישׁ לְ֜עֶ֗בֶד נִמְכַּ֥ר יוֹסֵֽף:
He sent a man before them. (Gen. 45:5): “And God sent me before you.” Now who was the man? Joseph, who was sold.   שלח לפניהם איש.  (שם מ"ה) וישלחני אלהים לפניכם ואיזה איש יוסף שנמכר:
18They afflicted his foot with fetters; his soul was placed in irons.   יחעִנּ֣וּ בַכֶּ֣בֶל רַגְל֑וֹ (כתיב רַגְלֹ֑יו) בַּ֜רְזֶ֗ל בָּ֣אָה נַפְשֽׁוֹ:
his soul was placed in irons. Said Rav Huna the son of Idi: She [Potiphar’s wife] made him a “shirtua” under his beard, so that if he bent his face over, the “shirtua” would wound him. שרתוע means a forked, suspended spear.   ברזל באה נפשו.  א"ר הונא בר אידי שרתוע עשתה לו תחת זקנו שאם ירכין פניו השרתוע מכהו, שרתוע פי' שפוד:
19Until His word came, the saying of the Lord purified him.   יטעַד־עֵ֥ת בֹּֽא־דְבָר֑וֹ אִמְרַ֖ת יְהֹוָ֣ה צְרָפָֽתְהוּ:
Until His word came. [The word] of the Holy One, blessed be He, to fulfill His decree that the matter should “roll” and Israel should descend to Egypt.   עד עת בא דברו.  של הקב"ה לקיים גזירתו שיתגלגל הדבר וירדו ישראל למצרים:
the saying of the Lord purified him. It tried Joseph, for he was tested and he overcame the temptation [to sin] with his master’s wife, and he was tortured because of her and purified with tortures to place him in the dungeon.   אמרת ה' צרפתהו.  בחנתהו ליוסף שנתנסה וכבש את יצרו באשת אדניו ועליה נתייסר ונצרף ביסורין לתתו אל בית הסוהר:
20A king sent and released him, a ruler of peoples [sent] and loosed his bonds.   כשָֽׁלַח־מֶ֖לֶךְ וַיַתִּירֵ֑הוּ מֹ֗שֵׁ֥ל עַ֜מִּ֗ים וַֽיְפַתְּחֵֽהוּ:
A king sent and released him. Pharaoh, king of Egypt, sent his messengers and released him. A ruler of peoples, viz. Pharaoh, [sent] and loosed his bonds.   שלח מלך ויתירהו.  שלח פרעה מלך מצרים שלוחיו ויתירהו, שלח מושל עמים הוא פרעה ויפתחהו:
21He made him the master of his household and the ruler over all his possessions.   כאשָׂמ֣וֹ אָד֣וֹן לְבֵית֑וֹ וּ֜מֹ֗שֵׁ֗ל בְּכָל־קִנְיָנֽוֹ:
22To bind up his princes with his soul, and he made his elders wise.   כבלֶאְסֹ֣ר שָׂרָ֣יו בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּזְקֵנָ֥יו יְחַכֵּֽם:
To bind up his princes with his soul. This is an expression of endearment, as (I Sam. 18:1): “that Jonathan’s soul had become attached to David’s soul.” When he interpreted the dream, they all loved him. Said Rabbi Idi: It is written שָׂרוֹ, his prince. This was Potiphar.   לאסור שריו בנפשו.  לשון חבה הוא זה כמו (שמואל א י״ח:א׳) ונפש יהונתן נקשרה בנפש דוד, כשפתר החלום חבבוהו כלם, אמר רבי אידי שרו כתיב זה היה פוטיפר:
23Israel came to Egypt, and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.   כגוַיָּבֹ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מִצְרָ֑יִם וְ֜יַֽעֲקֹ֗ב גָּ֣ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־חָֽם:
24And He made His people very fruitful, and He made it stronger than its adversaries.   כדוַיֶּ֣פֶר אֶת־עַמּ֣וֹ מְאֹ֑ד וַ֜יַּֽעֲצִמֵהוּ מִצָּרָֽיו:
And He made… fruitful. The Holy One, blessed be He, [made] His people [fruitful]. He made them fruitful and caused them to multiply.   ויפר.  הקב"ה את עמו, הפרה והרבה אותם:
25He turned their heart to hate His people, to plot against His servants.   כההָפַ֣ךְ לִ֖בָּם לִשְׂנֹ֣א עַמּ֑וֹ לְ֜הִתְנַכֵּ֗ל בַּֽעֲבָדָֽיו:
26He sent Moses His servant, [and] Aaron whom He chose.   כושָׁלַח מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֑וֹ אַֽ֜הֲרֹ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽחַר־בּֽוֹ:
27They placed upon them the words of His signs and His miracles in the land of Ham.   כזשָֽׂמוּ־בָ֖ם דִּבְרֵ֣י אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֜מֹֽפְתִ֗ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָֽם:
28He sent darkness and it darkened, and they did not disobey His word.   כחשָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֖שֶׁךְ וַיַּֽחֲשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־מָ֜ר֗וּ אֶת־דְּבָרֽוֹ (כתיב דְּבָרֹֽיו) :
And they did not disobey His word. The plagues, that He commanded upon them, came according to His commandments and did not deviate from His word.   ולא מרו את דברו.  המכות שצוה עליהם באו במצותיו ולא שינו את דברו:
29He turned their water into blood, and it killed their fish.   כטהָפַ֣ךְ אֶת־מֵֽימֵיהֶ֣ם לְדָ֑ם וַ֜יָּ֗מֶת אֶת־דְּגָתָֽם:
30Their land swarmed with frogs in the rooms of their monarchs.   לשָׁרַ֣ץ אַרְצָ֣ם צְפַרְדְּעִ֑ים בְּ֜חַדְרֵ֗י מַלְכֵיהֶֽם:
Their land swarmed with frogs. Said Rabbi Johanan: Wherever water would lie, frogs would lie.   שרץ ארצם צפרדעים.  אמר רבי יוחנן בכל מקום שהיו רובצים מים היו רובצים צפרדעים:
31He commanded and a mixture of noxious beasts came, lice throughout all their boundary.   לאאָמַֽר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֜נִּ֗ים בְּכָל־גְּבוּלָֽם:
32He made their rains into hail, flaming fire in their land.   לבנָתַ֣ן גִּשְׁמֵיהֶ֣ם בָּרָ֑ד אֵ֖שׁ לֶֽהָב֣וֹת בְּאַרְצָֽם:
33And it struck their vines and their fig trees, and it broke the trees of their boundary.   לגוַיַּ֣ךְ גַּ֖פְנָם וּתְאֵֽנָתָ֑ם וַ֜יְשַׁבֵּ֗ר עֵ֣ץ גְּבוּלָֽם:
34He spoke and locusts came, and nibbling locusts without number.   לדאָמַֽר וַיָּבֹ֣א אַרְבֶּ֑ה וְ֜יֶ֗לֶק וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר:
35And they consumed all grass in their land, and they consumed the produce of their soil.   להוַיֹּ֣אכַל כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וַ֜יֹּ֗אכַל פְּרִ֣י אַדְמָתָֽם:
36And He smote every firstborn in their land, the first of all their strength.   לווַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּאַרְצָ֑ם רֵ֜אשִׁ֗ית לְכָל־אוֹנָֽם:
37And He took them out with silver and gold, and there was no pauper among their tribes.   לזוַ֣יּוֹצִיאֵם בְּכֶ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֖ין בִּשְׁבָטָ֣יו כּוֹשֵֽׁל:
38Egypt rejoiced with their departure for their fear had fallen upon them.   לחשָׂמַ֣ח מִצְרַ֣יִם בְּצֵאתָ֑ם כִּֽי־נָפַ֖ל פַּחְדָּ֣ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם:
39He spread out a cloud for shelter, and fire to illuminate the night.   לטפָּרַ֣שׂ עָנָ֣ן לְמָסָ֑ךְ וְ֜אֵ֗שׁ לְהָ֘אִ֥יר לָֽיְלָה:
40They asked, and He brought quails, and the bread of heaven sated them.   משָׁ֥אַל וַיָּבֵ֣א שְׂלָ֑ו וְלֶ֥חֶם שָׁ֜מַ֗יִם יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽם:
They asked, and He brought quails. Israel asked for meat, and the Holy One, blessed be He, brought them quails.   שאל ויבא שליו.  שאל ישראל בשר ויבא לו הקב"ה שלוים:
41He opened a rock and water flowed; in the deserts ran rivers.   מאפָּ֣תַח צ֖וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָֽ֜לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר:
in the deserts ran rivers. Rivers flowed from the well in an arid land.   הלכו בציות נהר.  הלכו נהרות מן הבאר בארץ ציה:
42For He remembered His holy word with Abraham His servant.   מבכִּ֣י זָכַר אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר קָדְשׁ֑וֹ אֵ֖ת אַבְרָהָ֥ם עַבְדּֽוֹ:
For He remembered. The Holy One, blessed be He, [remembered] His holy word, which was with Abraham His servant, which He promised him (Gen. 15:14, 17): “and afterwards they will go out with many possessions… and a fourth generation will return here.”   כי זכר.  הקב"ה את דבר קדשו אשר עם אברהם עבדו שהבטיחו (בראשית ט"ו) ואחרי כן יצאו ברכוש גדול ודור רביעי ישובו הנה:
43And He took out His people with joy, His chosen ones with joyful singing.   מגוַיּוֹצִ֣א עַמּ֣וֹ בְשָׂשׂ֑וֹן בְּ֜רִנָּ֗ה אֶת־בְּחִירָֽיו:
44And He gave them lands of nations, and they inherited the toil of kingdoms.   מדוַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֖הֶם אַרְצ֣וֹת גּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽעֲמַ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֣ים יִירָֽשׁוּ:
45In order that they keep His statutes and observe His laws. Hallelujah.   מהבַּֽעֲב֚וּר | יִשְׁמְר֣וּ חֻ֖קָּיו וְתֽוֹרֹתָ֥יו יִנְצֹ֗רוּ הַֽלְלוּיָֽהּ: