| 1The Lord spoke to Moses saying: |
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אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָֹ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 2Speak to the children of Israel, and you shall say to them: A man or woman who sets himself apart by making a nazirite vow to abstain for the sake of the Lord. |
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בדַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּ֤י יַפְלִא֙ לִנְדֹּר֙ נֶ֣דֶר נָזִ֔יר לְהַזִּ֖יר לַֽיהוָֹֽה: |
| who sets himself apart. Heb. כִּי יַפְלִא, sets himself apart. Why is the section dealing with the nazirite juxtaposed to the section of the adulterous woman? To tell us that whoever sees an adulteress in her disgrace should vow to abstain from wine, for it leads to adultery. — [Sotah 2a] |
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כִּי יַפְלִא.
יַפְרִישׁ; לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה פָרָשַׁת נָזִיר לְפָרָשַׁת סוֹטָה? לוֹמַר לְךָ שֶׁכָּל הָרוֹאֶה סוֹטָה בְקִלְקוּלָהּ יַזִּיר עַצְמוֹ מִן הַיַּיִן, שֶׁהוּא מֵבִיא לִידֵי נִאוּף (סוטה ב'):
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| a nazirite vow. Heb. נָזִיר [The term] נְזִירָה everywhere [in Scripture] means only separation; here too [the nazirite] separates himself from wine. - [Sifrei Naso 1:87] |
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נֶדֶר נָזִיר.
אֵין נְזִירָה בְכָל מָקוֹם אֶלָּא פְּרִישָׁה, אַף כָּאן שֶׁפֵּרֵשׁ מִן הַיַּיִן:
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| to abstain for the sake of the Lord. To separate himself from wine for the sake of Heaven. — [Ned. 9b, Sifrei Naso 1:84] |
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לְהַזִּיר לה'.
לְהַבְדִּיל עַצְמוֹ מִן הַיַּיִן לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם:
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| 3He shall abstain from new wine and aged wine; he shall not drink [even] vinegar made from new wine or aged wine, nor shall he drink anything in which grapes have been steeped, and he shall eat neither fresh grapes nor dried ones. |
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גמִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר חֹ֧מֶץ יַ֛יִן וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְכָל־מִשְׁרַ֤ת עֲנָבִים֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַֽעֲנָבִ֛ים לַחִ֥ים וִֽיבֵשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל: |
| from new wine and aged wine. Heb. מִיַיִּן וְשֵׁכָר. As Targum [Onkelos] renders:“From new wine and aged wine,” for when wine has been aged, it intoxicates מְשַׁכֵּר. |
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מִיַּיִן וְשֵׁכָר.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "מֵחֲמַר חֲדַת וְעַתִּיק", שֶׁהַיַּיִן מְשַׁכֵּר כְּשֶׁהוּא יָשָׁן:
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| anything in which grapes have been steeped. Heb. מִשְׁרַת עֲנָבִים. [The word מִשְׁרַת is] an expression denoting steeping in water, or any other liquid. In the language of the Mishnah, there are many [such examples]: We may not steep (אֵין שׁוֹרִין) ink or dye [in water on the eve of Sabbath] (Shab. 17b); a nazirite who steeped (שֶׁשָּׁרָה) his bread in wine (Nazir 34b). |
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וְכָל־מִשְׁרַת.
לְשׁוֹן צְבִיעָה בְּמַיִם וְכָל מַשְׁקֶה; וּבִלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה יֵשׁ הַרְבֵּה, אֵין שׁוֹרִין דְּיוֹ וְסַמָּנִים (שבת י"ז), נָזִיר שֶׁשָּׁרָה פִתּוֹ (נזיר ל"ד):
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| 4For the entire duration of his abstinence, he shall not eat any product of the grape vine, from seeds to skins. |
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דכֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֑וֹ מִכֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵֽעָשֶׂ֜ה מִגֶּ֣פֶן הַיַּ֗יִן מֵֽחַרְצַנִּ֛ים וְעַד־זָ֖ג לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל: |
| seeds. Heb. חַרְצַנִּים. They are the kernels. - [Sifrei Naso 1:93] |
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חַרְצַנִּים.
הֵם הַגַּרְעִינִין:
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| skins. Heb. זָג, the outer shells, for the seeds are inside, like the clapper in a bell (זוּג). |
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זָג.
הֵם קְלִפוֹת שֶׁמִּבַּחוּץ, שֶׁהַחַרְצַנִּים בְּתוֹכָן כְּעִנְבָּל בְּזוּג:
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| 5All the days of his vow of abstinence, no razor shall pass over his head; until the completion of the term that he abstains for the sake of the Lord, it shall be sacred, and he shall allow the growth of the hair of his head to grow wild. |
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הכָּל־יְמֵי֙ נֶ֣דֶר נִזְר֔וֹ תַּ֖עַר לֹא־יַֽעֲבֹ֣ר עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ עַד־מְלֹ֨את הַיָּמִ֜ם אֲשֶׁר־יַזִּ֤יר לַֽיהוָֹה֙ קָדֹ֣שׁ יִֽהְיֶ֔ה גַּדֵּ֥ל פֶּ֖רַע שְׂעַ֥ר רֹאשֽׁוֹ: |
| it shall be sacred. [That is,] his hair; he must let the growth of the hair of his head flourish. |
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קָדֹשׁ יִֽהְיֶה.
הַשֵּׂעָר שֶׁלּוֹ, לְגַדֵּל הַפֶּרַע שֶׁל שְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ (ספרי; תענית י"א):
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| growth. Heb. פֶּרַע. [The word] is vowelized with a small “pattach” [known as “segol”] because it is [a construct state and] attached to the phrase“the hair of his head.” [The meaning is:] A growth of hair, and the word פֶּרַע means to allow the hair to grow [wild]. Similarly [we find],“He shall not allow his head to grow freely (לֹא יִפְרָע)” (Lev. 21:10). Any growth [of hair] less than thirty days is not considered פֶּרַע. |
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פֶּרַע.
נָקוּד פַּתָּח קָטָן אַף שֶׁהוּא דָּבוּק לִשְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ — פֶּרַע שֶׁל שֵׂעָר, וּפֵרוּשׁ שֶׁל פֶּרַע, גִּדּוּל שֶׁל שֵׂעָר, וְכֵן "אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ לֹא יִפְרָע" (ויקרא כ"א), וְאֵין קָרוּי פֶּרַע פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם (ספרי; סנהדרין כ"ב):
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| 6All the days that he abstains for The Lord, he shall not come into contact with the dead. |
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וכָּל־יְמֵ֥י הַזִּיר֖וֹ לַֽיהוָֹ֑ה עַל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ מֵ֖ת לֹ֥א יָבֹֽא: |
| 7To his father, to his mother, to his brother, or to his sister, he shall not defile himself if they die, for the crown of his God is upon his head. |
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זלְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֗וֹ לְאָחִיו֙ וּלְאַ֣חֹת֔וֹ לֹֽא־יִטַּמָּ֥א לָהֶ֖ם בְּמֹתָ֑ם כִּ֛י נֵ֥זֶר אֱלֹהָ֖יו עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ: |
| 8For the entire duration of his abstinence, he is holy to the Lord. |
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חכֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֑וֹ קָד֥שׁ ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָֹֽה: |
| For the entire duration of his abstinence, he is holy. This [refers to] the sanctification of the body, against contamination by [contact with] the dead. |
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כֹּל יְמֵי נִזְרוֹ קָדשׁ הוּא.
זוֹ קְדֻשַּׁת הַגּוּף, מִלִּטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים (ספרי):
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| 9If someone in his presence dies unexpectedly or suddenly, and causes the nazirite head to become defiled, he shall shave off [the hair of] his head on the day of his purification; on the seventh day, he shall shave it off. |
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טוְכִֽי־יָמ֨וּת מֵ֤ת עָלָיו֙ בְּפֶ֣תַע פִּתְאֹ֔ם וְטִמֵּ֖א רֹ֣אשׁ נִזְר֑וֹ וְגִלַּ֤ח רֹאשׁוֹ֙ בְּי֣וֹם טָֽהֳרָת֔וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י יְגַלְּחֶֽנּוּ: |
| unexpectedly. Heb. בְּפֶתַע. This is an unavoidable occurrence. |
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בְּפֶתַע.
זֶה אֹנֶס:
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| suddenly. This refers to an unintentional [defilement] (Sifrei Naso 1:110). Some say that [the words] פֶּתַע פִּתְאֹם are a single phrase [denoting one idea, namely], “a sudden incident.” [Perhaps Rashi is alluding to Onkelos or to Menachem (Machbereth Menachem p.147). See Leket Bahir]. |
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פִּתְאֹם.
זֶה שׁוֹגֵג, וְיֵ"א פֶּתַע פִּתְאֹם דָּבָר אֶחָד הוּא – מִקְרֶה שֶׁל פִּתְאוֹם:
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| If someone in his presence dies. In the tent in which he is located. - [Midrash Lekach Tov] |
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וְכִֽי־יָמוּת מֵת עָלָיו.
בָּאֹהֶל שֶׁהוּא בוֹ:
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| on the day of his purification. On the day he is to be sprinkled, or perhaps only on the eighth day, when he becomes completely clean? [Therefore] Scripture states, “on the seventh day.” But if on the seventh, I might think that [his head must be shaved] even if he was not sprinkled. So Scripture [also] states,“on the day of his purification.” - [Sifrei Naso 1:113] |
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בְּיוֹם טָֽהֳרָתוֹ.
בְּיוֹם הַזָּאָתוֹ, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בַשְּׁמִינִי שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר לְגַמְרֵי, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי", אִי שְׁבִיעִי יָכוֹל אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִזָּה, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "בְּיוֹם טָהֳרָתוֹ" (ספרי):
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| 10And on the eighth day, he shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the kohen, at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. |
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יוּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י יָבִא֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֔ים א֥וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה אֶ֨ל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד: |
| And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtledoves. This [is meant] to exclude the seventh [day], or perhaps it is meant to exclude only the ninth [day]? It [Scripture] designates a time for the sacrifices and it designates a time for those offering them. Just as it validates the eighth [day] and from the eighth [day] onwards for sacrifices, so those who offer the sacrifices may do so on the eighth [day] and from the eighth [day] onwards. - [Sifrei Naso 1:116] |
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וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יָבִא שְׁתֵּי תֹרִים.
לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַשְּׁבִיעִי, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַתְּשִׁיעִי ? קָבַע זְמַן לַקְּרֵבִין וְקָבַע זְמַן לַמַּקְרִיבִין, מַה קְּרֵבִין הִכְשִׁיר שְׁמִינִי וּמִשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה, אַף מַקְרִיבִין שְׁמִינִי וּמִשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה (שם):
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| 11The kohen shall prepare one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering and atone on his behalf for sinning by coming into contact with the dead, and he shall sanctify his head on that day. |
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יאוְעָשָׂ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֶחָ֤ד לְחַטָּאת֙ וְאֶחָ֣ד לְעֹלָ֔ה וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֔יו מֵֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עַל־הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ וְקִדַּ֥שׁ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא: |
| for sinning by coming into contact with the dead. Heb. מֵאֲשֶׁר חָטָא עַל הַנֶּפֶשׁ, lit., for sinning concerning the body, meaning that he did not take precautions against becoming defiled by the dead. Rabbi Eleazar Hakappar says: He afflicted himself [by abstaining] from wine, [thus, he sinned against his own body]. — [Nazir 19a, B.K. 91b, Ta’anith 11a, Sifrei Naso 1:18, and other places] |
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מֵֽאֲשֶׁר חָטָא עַל־הַנָּפֶשׁ.
שֶׁלֹּא נִזְהַר מִטֻּמְאַת הַמֵּת, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הַקַּפָּר אוֹמֵר, שֶׁצִּעֵר עַצְמוֹ מִן הַיַּיִן (ספרי; נזיר י"ט):
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| and he shall sanctify his head. By beginning again the count of his naziriteship. - [Sifrei Naso 1:119] |
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וְקִדַּשׁ אֶת־רֹאשׁוֹ.
לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתְחִיל מִנְיַן נְזִירוּתוֹ:
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| 12He shall consecrate to the Lord the period of his abstinence and bring a lamb in its first year as a guilt offering; the previous days shall be canceled because his naziriteship has been defiled. |
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יבוְהִזִּ֤יר לַֽיהוָֹה֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֔וֹ וְהֵבִ֛יא כֶּ֥בֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְאָשָׁ֑ם וְהַיָּמִ֤ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִים֙ יִפְּל֔וּ כִּ֥י טָמֵ֖א נִזְרֽוֹ: |
| He shall consecrate to the Lord the period of his abstinence. He shall start counting his naziriteship again from the beginning. — [Sifrei Naso 1:119] |
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וְהִזִּיר לה' אֶת־יְמֵי נִזְרוֹ.
יַחֲזֹר וְיִמְנֶה נְזִירוּתוֹ כְּבַתְּחִלָּה:
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| The previous days shall be canceled. They shall not count. — [Targum Onkelos] |
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וְהַיָּמִים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִים יִפְּלוּ.
לֹא יַעֲלוּ מִן הַמִּנְיָן:
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| 13This is the law of the nazirite: On the day his period of naziriteship is completed, he shall present himself at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. |
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יגוְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַנָּזִ֑יר בְּי֗וֹם מְלֹאת֙ יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֔וֹ יָבִ֣יא אֹת֔וֹ אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד: |
| he shall present himself. Heb. יָבִיא אֹתוֹ, lit.,“he shall bring him,” i.e., he shall bring himself. This [word אֹתוֹ“himself”] is one of the three [cases of the word] אֶת which Rabbi Ishmael expounded in this way [as being reflexive]. Similarly,“thereby bringing upon themselves (אוֹתָם) to bear iniquity and guilt” (Lev. 22:16) - [“ אוֹתָם ” meaning] themselves. Similarly,“He buried him (אֹתוֹ) in the ravine” (Deut. 34:6) he [Moses] buried himself. — [Sifrei Naso 1:124] |
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יָבִיא אֹתוֹ.
יָבִיא אֶת עַצְמוֹ, וְזֶה אֶחָד מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה אֶתִים שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל דּוֹרֵשׁ כֵּן, כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ "וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אוֹתָם עֲוֹן אַשְׁמָה" (ויקרא כ"ב) — אֶת עַצְמָם, כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ "וַיִּקְבֹּר אֹתוֹ בַגַּי" (דברים ל"ד) — הוּא קָבַר אֶת עַצְמוֹ:
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| 14He shall bring his offering to the Lord: one unblemished lamb in its first year as a burnt offering, one unblemished ewe lamb in its first year as a sin offering, and one unblemished ram as a peace offering, |
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ידוְהִקְרִ֣יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֣וֹ לַֽיהוָֹ֡ה כֶּ֩בֶשׂ֩ בֶּן־שְׁנָת֨וֹ תָמִ֤ים אֶחָד֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה וְכַבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֧ת בַּת־שְׁנָתָ֛הּ תְּמִימָ֖ה לְחַטָּ֑את וְאַֽיִל־אֶחָ֥ד תָּמִ֖ים לִשְׁלָמִֽים: |
| 15and a basket of unleavened cakes; loaves of fine flour mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, with their meal offerings and their libations. |
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טווְסַ֣ל מַצּ֗וֹת סֹ֤לֶת חַלֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן וּמִנְחָתָ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם: |
| with their meal-offerings and libations. Of the burnt offerings and peace offerings [but not of the sin-offering]. Since they were included in the general rule [requiring libations] but were then singled out to be the subject of a new case, namely, that they required bread, [Scripture] returns them to the general rule [by stating that] they require libations, as is the universal law for all burnt offerings and peace offerings. - [See Sifrei Naso 1:127] |
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וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם.
שֶׁל עוֹלָה וּשְׁלָמִים; לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ בִכְלָל, וְיָצְאוּ לִדּוֹן בְּדָבָר חָדָשׁ — שֶׁיִּטָּעֲנוּ לֶחֶם — הֶחֱזִירָן לִכְלָלָן, שֶׁיִּטָּעֲנוּ נְסָכִים כְּדִין עוֹלָה וּשְׁלָמִים (ספרי):
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| unleavened loaves and unleavened wafers. Ten of each kind. — [Men. 77b; Rambam , Mishnah Comm ., Men. 7:2; Mishneh Torah , Neziruth 8:1, Kesef Mishneh] |
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חלות מַצּוֹת וּרְקִיקֵי מַצּוֹת.
עֶשֶׂר מִכָּל מִין:
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| 16The kohen shall present it before the Lord, and perform the service of his sin offering and his burnt offering. |
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טזוְהִקְרִ֥יב הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָֹ֑ה וְעָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־חַטָּאת֖וֹ וְאֶת־עֹֽלָתֽוֹ: |
| 17He shall make the ram as a peace offering to the Lord, along with the basket of unleavened cakes, and the kohen shall perform the service of its meal offering with its libation. |
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יזוְאֶת־הָאַ֜יִל יַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמִים֙ לַֽיהוָֹ֔ה עַ֖ל סַ֣ל הַמַּצּ֑וֹת וְעָשָׂה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶת־מִנְחָת֖וֹ וְאֶת־נִסְכּֽוֹ: |
| a peace offering to the Lord, along with the basket of unleavened cakes. He slaughters the [ram of] the peace offering with the intention of sanctifying the bread. — [Men. 46b] |
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זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים לה' עַל סַל הַמַּצּוֹת.
יִשְׁחַט אֶת הַשְּׁלָמִים עַל מְנָת לְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הַלֶּחֶם (עי' מנחות מ"ו):
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| Its meal offering with its libation. [I.e.,] the ram’s. |
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אֶת־מִנְחָתוֹ וְאֶת־נִסְכּֽוֹ.
שֶׁל אַיִל:
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| 18The nazirite shall shave the head of his naziriteship at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, and he shall take the hair of the head of his naziriteship and place it upon the fire which is under the peace offering. |
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יחוְגִלַּ֣ח הַנָּזִ֗יר פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ נִזְר֑וֹ וְלָקַ֗ח אֶת־שְׂעַר֙ רֹ֣אשׁ נִזְר֔וֹ וְנָתַן֙ עַל־הָאֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים: |
| The nazirite shall shave…at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. I might think that he should shave in the courtyard, but this would be degrading [for the courtyard]. Rather, “the nazirite shall shave” after the peace offering has been slaughtered, regarding which it is written, “and slaughter it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting” (Lev. 3:2). - [Nazir 45a, Sifrei Naso 1:128] |
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וְגִלַּח הַנָּזִיר פֶּתַח אוהל מוֹעֵד.
יָכוֹל יְגַלֵּחַ בָּעֲזָרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה דֶּרֶךְ בִּזָּיוֹן, אֶלָּא וְגִלַּח הַנָּזִיר לְאַחַר שְׁחִיטַת הַשְּׁלָמִים שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהֶן "וּשְׁחָטוֹ פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד":
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| which is under the peace offering. [I.e.,] under the pot in which he cooks it. For the nazirite’s peace offering was cooked in the courtyard, since the kohen had to take the foreleg after it had been cooked and wave it before the Lord. |
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אֲשֶׁר־תַּחַת זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים.
תַּחַת הַדּוּד שֶׁהוּא מְבַשְּׁלָן בּוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁשַּׁלְמֵי נָזִיר הָיוּ מִתְבַּשְּׁלִין בָּעֲזָרָה, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִטֹּל הַכֹּהֵן הַזְּרוֹעַ אַחַר שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלָה וּלְהָנִיף לִפְנֵי ה' (עי' נזיר מ"ה):
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| 19The kohen shall then take the cooked foreleg of the ram, one unleavened loaf from the basket and one unleavened wafer, place [them] in the hands of the nazirite after he has shaven off his nazirite [head]. |
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יטוְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַזְּרֹ֣עַ בְּשֵׁלָה֘ מִן־הָאַ֒יִל֒ וְחַלַּ֨ת מַצָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ מִן־הַסַּ֔ל וּרְקִ֥יק מַצָּ֖ה אֶחָ֑ד וְנָתַן֙ עַל־כַּפֵּ֣י הַנָּזִ֔יר אַחַ֖ר הִתְגַּלְּח֥וֹ אֶת־נִזְרֽוֹ: |
| the cooked foreleg. After it has been cooked. |
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הַזְּרֹעַ בְּשֵׁלָה.
לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלָה (חולין פ"ח):
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| 20The kohen shall wave them as a waving before the Lord; it is consecrated to the kohen, along with the breast of the waving and the thigh of the uplifting. After this, the nazirite may drink wine. |
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כוְהֵנִיף֩ אוֹתָ֨ם הַכֹּהֵ֥ן | תְּנוּפָה֘ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָֹה֒ קֹ֤דֶשׁ הוּא֙ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַ֚ל חֲזֵ֣ה הַתְּנוּפָ֔ה וְעַ֖ל שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֑ה וְאַחַ֛ר יִשְׁתֶּ֥ה הַנָּזִ֖יר יָֽיִן: |
| it is consecrated to the kohen. The loaf, the wafer, and the foreleg are donations for the kohen. |
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קֹדֶשׁ הוּא לַכֹּהֵן.
הַחַלָּה וְהָרָקִיק וְהַזְּרוֹעַ תְּרוּמָה הֵן לַכֹּהֵן:
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| along with the breast of the waving, etc.. Besides the breast and thigh due him from all peace offerings, this foreleg is added to the nazirite peace offerings. [This is] because the nazirite peace offerings were included in the general rule, but were then singled out to determine something new-setting apart the foreleg. [Thus,] it was necessary to return them to the general rule so that they are subject to [the gifts of] the breast and the thigh as well. — [Sifrei Naso 1: 134] |
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עַל חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה.
מִלְּבַד חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק הָרְאוּיִים לוֹ מִכָּל שְׁלָמִים מוּסָף עַל שַׁלְמֵי נָזִיר הַזְּרוֹעַ הַזֶּה, לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ שַׁלְמֵי נָזִיר בִּכְלָל, וְיָצְאוּ לִדּוֹן בַּדָּבָר הֶחָדָשׁ — לְהַפְרָשַׁת זְרוֹעַ — הֻצְרַךְ לְהַחֲזִירָן לִכְלָלָן לִדּוֹן אַף בְּחָזֶה וְשׁוֹק (ספרי):
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| 21This is the law of a nazirite who makes a vow: his offering to the Lord for his naziriteship is in addition to what is within his means. According to the vow that he vows, so shall he do, in addition to the law of his naziriteship. |
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כאזֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֣ת הַנָּזִיר֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדֹּר֒ קָרְבָּנ֤וֹ לַֽיהוָֹה֙ עַל־נִזְר֔וֹ מִלְּבַ֖ד אֲשֶׁר־תַּשִּׂ֣יג יָד֑וֹ כְּפִ֤י נִדְרוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדֹּ֔ר כֵּ֣ן יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה עַ֖ל תּוֹרַ֥ת נִזְרֽוֹ: |
| in addition to that which is within his means. [For example,] if he said,“I am hereby a nazirite on the condition that I shall shave [my hair] with one hundred burnt offerings and with one hundred peace offerings” - according to the vow that he vows, so shall he do added to the law of his naziriteship. |
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מִלְּבַד אֲשֶׁר תַּשִּׂיג יָדוֹ.
שֶׁאִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר עַל מְנָת לְגַלֵּחַ עַל מֵאָה עוֹלוֹת וְעַל מֵאָה שְׁלָמִים, כְּפִי נִדְרוֹ אֲשֶׁר יִדֹּר כֵּן יַעֲשֶֹה:
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| In addition to the law of his naziriteship. Heb. תּוֹרַת נִזְרוֹ means he may add to the law of his naziriteship but not omit anything. If he said, “I am hereby a nazirite five times over on condition that I shave with [only] these three animals,” I do not apply to him [the rule],“According to the vow that he vows, so shall he do.” - [Sifrei Naso 1:137] |
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מוּסָף עַל תּוֹרַת נִזְרוֹ.
עַל תּוֹרַת הַנָּזִיר, מוּסָף וְלֹא יֶחְסַר, שֶׁאִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר חָמֵשׁ נְזִירוֹת עַל מְנָת לְגַלֵּחַ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ בְּהֵמוֹת הַלָּלוּ, אֵין אֲנִי קוֹרֵא בוֹ "כַּאֲשֶׁר יִדֹּר כֵּן יַעֲשֶֹה" (שם):
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| 22The Lord spoke to Moses saying: |
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כבוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָֹ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 23Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying: This is how you shall bless the children of Israel, saying to them: |
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כגדַּבֵּ֤ר אֶל־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֥ה תְבָֽרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָמ֖וֹר לָהֶֽם: |
| saying to them. Heb. אָמוֹר. [The infinitive] as in זָכוֹר,“remembering” (Exod. 20:8), and שָׁמוֹר, “keeping” (Deut. 5:12); in French, disant. |
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אָמוֹר.
כְּמוֹ זָכוֹר, שָׁמוֹר, בְּלַעַז דישנ"ט:
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| saying to them. So that they can all hear- [Sifrei Naso 1:143] |
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אָמוֹר לָהֶֽם.
שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כֻלָּם שׁוֹמְעִים (שם):
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| saying. The word אָמוֹר is written in its full form [i.e., with a “vav”], indicating that they should not bless them hastily or in a hurried manner, but with concentration and with wholeheartedness. - [Midrash Tanchuma Naso 10] |
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אָמוֹר.
מָלֵא — לֹא תְבָרְכֵם בְּחִפָּזוֹן וּבַהֲלוּת, אֶלָּא בְכַוָּנָה וּבְלֵב שָׁלֵם (תנחומא):
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| 24"May the Lord bless you and watch over you. |
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כדיְבָֽרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָֹ֖ה וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ: |
| May [the Lord] bless you. that your possessions shall be blessed. - [Midrash Tanchuma Naso 10, Sifrei Naso 1:144] |
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יְבָֽרֶכְךָ.
שֶׁיִּתְבָּרְכוּ נְכָסֶיךָ:
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| and watch over you. that no thieves shall attack you and steal your money. For when one gives his servant a gift, he cannot protect it from all other people, so if robbers come and take it from him, what benefit has he [the servant] from this gift? As for the Holy One, blessed be He, however, He is the One who [both] gives and protects (Midrash Tanchuma Naso 10). There are many expository interpretations in the Sifrei . |
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וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ.
שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹאוּ עָלֶיךָ שׁוֹדְדִים לִטֹּל מָמוֹנְךָ; שֶׁהַנּוֹתֵן מַתָּנָה לְעַבְדּוֹ אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְשָׁמְרוֹ מִכָּל אָדָם, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאִים לִסְטִים עָלָיו וְנוֹטְלִין אוֹתָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ, מַה הֲנָאָה יֵשׁ לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה זוֹ? אֲבָל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הוּא הַנּוֹתֵן, הוּא הַשּׁוֹמֵר; וְהַרְבֵּה מִדְרָשִׁים דָּרְשׁוּ בוֹ בְּסִפְרֵי:
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| 25May the Lord cause His countenance to shine to you and favor you. |
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כהיָאֵ֨ר יְהוָֹ֧ה | פָּנָ֛יו אֵלֶ֖יךָ וִֽיחֻנֶּֽךָּ: |
| May the Lord cause His countenance to shine to you. May He show you a pleasant, radiant countenance. - [Midrash Tanchuma Naso 10, Sifrei Naso 1:144] |
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יָאֵר השם פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ.
יַרְאֶה לְךָ פָּנִים שׂוֹחֲקוֹת, פָּנִים צְהֻבּוֹת:
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| and favor you. May He grant you favor - [Sifrei Naso 1:144] |
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וִֽיחֻנֶּֽךָּ.
יִתֵּן לְךָ חֵן (תנחומא):
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| 26May the Lord raise His countenance toward you and grant you peace." |
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כויִשָּׂ֨א יְהוָֹ֤ה | פָּנָיו֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְיָשֵׂ֥ם לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם: |
| May the Lord raise His countenance toward you. by suppressing His wrath. - [Sifrei Naso 1:144,] |
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יִשָּׂא ה' פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ.
יִכְבֹּשׁ כַּעֲסוֹ:
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| 27They shall bestow My Name upon the children of Israel, so that I will bless them. |
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כזוְשָׂמ֥וּ אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י עַל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽאֲנִ֖י אֲבָֽרֲכֵֽם: |
| They shall bestow My Name. They shall bless them with the Explicit Name. - [Sifrei Naso 1:144, Num. Rabbah 11:4, 8] |
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וְשָׂמוּ אֶת־שְׁמִי.
יְבָרְכוּם בַּשֵּׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ (ספרי):
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| so that I will bless them. [I.e.,] the Israelites, and endorse the [blessing of the] kohanim. Another interpretation: “I will bless them”-that is, the kohanim. - [Chul. 49a] |
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וַֽאֲנִי אֲבָֽרֲכֵֽם.
לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאַסְכִּים עִם הַכֹּהֲנִים; דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַאֲנִי אֲבָרְכֵם — לַכֹּהֲנִים (חולין מ"ט):
|
