| 1Now Naomi had a kinsman of her husband, a mighty man of valor, of the family of Elimelech, and his name was Boaz. |
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אוּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע (כתיב מֹידַ֣ע) לְאִישָׁ֗הּ אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ וּשְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז: |
| a kinsman. Heb. מוֹדַע, a kinsman. He was the son of Elimelech’s brother. Our Sages said: Elimelech and Salmon the father of Boaz and So-and-So the near kinsman and the father of Naomi were all sons of Nahshon the son of Amminadab, but the merit of their fathers did not avail them when they left the Land to go abroad. |
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מוֹדַע.
קָרוֹב. בֶּן אָחִיו שֶׁל אֱלִימֶלֶךְ הָיָה. אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, אֱלִימֶלֶךְ וְשַׂלְמוֹן אֲבִי בֹעַז וּפְלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי הַגּוֹאֵל וַאֲבִי נָעֳמִי כֻּלָּם בְּנֵי נַחְשׁוֹן בֶּן עַמִּינָדָב הָיוּ, וְלֹא הוֹעִילָה לָהֶם זְכוּת אֲבוֹתָם בְּצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ:
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| 2And Ruth the Moabitess said to Naomi, "I will go now to the field, and I will glean among the ears of grain, after someone whom I will please." And she said, "Go, my daughter." |
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בוַתֹּ֩אמֶר֩ ר֨וּת הַמּֽוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה אֶֽל־נָֽעֳמִ֗י אֵֽלְכָה־נָּ֤א הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַֽאֲלַקֳּטָ֣ה בַשִּׁבֳּלִ֔ים אַחַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ לְכִ֥י בִתִּֽי: |
| I will go now to the field. To one of the fields of the people of the city, after one of them, in whose eyes I will find favor, that he will not rebuke me. |
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אֵלְכָה נָּא הַשָּׂדֶה.
לְאֶחָד מִשְּׂדוֹת אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אַחֲרֵי אֶחָד מֵהֶם "אֲשֶׁר אֶמְצָא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו", שֶׁלֹּא יִגְעַר בִּי:
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| And I will glean among the ears of grain, after someone whom I will please. After someone in whose eyes I will find favor.
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וַאֲלַקְּטָה בַשִּׁבֳּלִים אַחַר אֲשֶׁר אֶמְצָא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו.
אַחַר מִי אֲשֶׁר אֶמְצָא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו:
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| 3And she went, and she came, and she gleaned in the field after the reapers, and her chance was [to come to] the field that [belonged] to Boaz, who was of the family of Elimelech. |
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גוַתֵּ֤לֶךְ וַתָּבוֹא֙ וַתְּלַקֵּ֣ט בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה אַֽחֲרֵ֖י הַקֹּֽצְרִ֑ים וַיִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֗הָ חֶלְקַ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ לְבֹ֔עַז אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ: |
| And she went, and she came, and she gleaned in the field. We find in Midrash Ruth [Rabbah]: Before she went she came; Scripture says: And she came, and she gleaned? But rather, she marked the roads before she entered the field, and she went and came and returned to the city, in order to make signs and markings so that she would not stray in the paths and know how to return. |
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וַתֵּלֶךְ וַתָּבוֹא וַתְּלַקֵּט בַּשָּׂדֶה.
מָצִינוּ בְמִדְרַשׁ רוּת, עַד לָא אֲזָלַת אָתַת? שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר "וַתָּבוֹא", וְאַחַר "וַתְּלַקֵּט". אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיְתָה מְסַמֶּנֶת הַדְּרָכִים קֹדֶם שֶׁנִכְנְסָה לַשָּׂדֶה, וְהָלְכָה וּבָאָה וְחָזְרָה לָעִיר כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת סִמָּנִים וְצִיּוּנִים שֶׁלֹּא תִטְעֶה בַּשְּׁבִילִין וְתֵדַע לָשׁוּב:
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| and her chance was. to come to the portion of the field belonging to Boaz. |
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וַיִּקֶר מִקְרֶהָ.
לָבֹא בְחֶלְקַת הַשָּׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר לְבֹעַז:
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| 4And behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem, and he said to the reapers, "May the Lord be with you!" And they said to him, "The Lord bless you." |
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דוְהִנֵּה־בֹ֗עַז בָּ֚א מִבֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לַקּֽוֹצְרִ֖ים יְהֹוָ֣ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ יְבָֽרֶכְךָ֥ יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 5Then Boaz said to his servant, who stood over the reapers, "To whom does this maiden belong?" |
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הוַיֹּ֤אמֶר בֹּ֨עַז֙ לְנַֽעֲר֔וֹ הַנִּצָּ֖ב עַל־הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֑ים לְמִ֖י הַנַּֽעֲרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת: |
| To whom does this maiden belong?. Now was it Boaz’s habit to inquire about the women? But rather, he saw her modest and wise behavior. Two ears she would glean but three she would not glean; and she would glean the standing ears while standing and the lying ones while sitting, in order to avoid bending over. |
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לְמִי הַנַּעֲרָה הַזֹּאת.
וְכִי דַרְכּוֹ שֶׁל בֹּעַז לִשְׁאֹל בְּנָשִׁים? אֶלָּא, דִּבְרֵי צְנִיעוּת וְחָכְמָה רָאָה בָהּ. שְׁתֵּי שִׁבֳּלִים לִקְּטָה, שְׁלשָׁה אֵינָהּ לִקְּטָה. וְהָיְתָה מְלַקֶּטֶת עוֹמְדוֹת מְעֻמָּד וְשׁוֹכְבוֹת מְיֻשָּׁב, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִשְׁחֶה:
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| 6And the servant in charge of the reapers answered and said, "She is a Moabite maiden who returned with Naomi from the fields of Moab. |
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ווַיַּ֗עַן הַנַּ֛עַר הַנִּצָּ֥ב עַל־הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֖ים וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נַֽעֲרָ֤ה מֽוֹאֲבִיָּה֙ הִ֔יא הַשָּׁ֥בָה עִֽם־נָֽעֳמִ֖י מִשְּׂדֵ֥י מוֹאָֽב: |
| who returned with Naomi. The accent is under the “shin” because it is the past tense, and not the present tense of the verb. |
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הַשָּׁבָה עִם נָעֳמִי.
הַטַּעַם לְמַעְלָה תַּחַת הַשִּׁי"ן, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן עָבַר וְאֵינָהּ לְשׁוֹן פּוֹעֶלֶת:
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| 7And she said, 'I will now glean and gather from among the sheaves after the reapers.' And she came and stood even from the morning until now, except when she sat a little in the house." |
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זוַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֲלַקֳּטָה־נָּא֙ וְאָֽסַפְתִּ֣י בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים אַֽחֲרֵ֖י הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֑ים וַתָּב֣וֹא וַֽתַּֽעֲמ֗וֹד מֵאָ֤ז הַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה זֶ֛ה שִׁבְתָּ֥הּ הַבַּ֖יִת מְעָֽט: |
| And she said. to herself. |
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וַתֹּאמֶר.
בְּלִבָּהּ:
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| I will now glean. the gleaning of the ears. |
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אֲלַקְּטָה נָּא.
לֶקֶט הַשִּׁבֳּלִים:
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| and gather from among the sheaves. the forgotten sheaves. |
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וְאָסַפְתִּי בָעֳמָרִים.
שִׁכְחָה שֶׁל עֳמָרִים:
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| 8And Boaz said to Ruth, "Have you not heard, my daughter? Do not go to glean in another field, neither shall you go away from here, and here you shall stay with my maidens. |
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חוַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶל־ר֜וּת הֲלֹ֧א שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗י אַל־תֵּֽלְכִי֙ לִלְקֹט֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה אַחֵ֔ר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א תַֽעֲבוּרִ֖י מִזֶּ֑ה וְכֹ֥ה תִדְבָּקִ֖ין עִם־נַֽעֲרֹתָֽי: |
| 9Your eyes shall be on the field that they reap, and you shall follow them; have I not ordered the youths not to touch you? And [if] you are thirsty, you may go to the vessels and drink from that which the youths draw." |
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טעֵינַ֜יִךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְצֹרוּן֙ וְהָלַ֣כְתְּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן הֲל֥וֹא צִוִּ֛יתִי אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים לְבִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑ךְ וְצָמִ֗ת וְהָלַ֨כְתְּ֙ אֶל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים וְשָׁתִ֕ית מֵֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּן הַנְּעָרִֽים: |
| And [if] you are thirsty, you may go to the vessels. And if you are thirsty, do not be ashamed to go and drink from the vessels of water that the young men will draw. |
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וְצָמִת וְהָלַכְתְּ אֶל הַכֵּלִים.
וְאִם תִּצְמְאִי אַל תִּכָּלְמִי מִלֶּכֶת וְלִשְׁתּוֹת מִכְּלֵי הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאֲבוּן הַנְּעָרִים:
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| 10And she fell on her face and prostrated herself to the ground, and she said to him, "Why have I pleased you that you should take cognizance of me, seeing that I am a foreigner?" |
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יוַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו מַדּ֩וּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ לְהַכִּירֵ֔נִי וְאָֽנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה: |
| 11And Boaz replied and said to her, "It has been told to me all that you did for your mother-in-law after your husband's death, and you left your father and your mother and your native land, and you went to a people that you did not know before. |
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יאוַיַּ֤עַן בֹּ֨עַז֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֔הּ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗י כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ אַֽחֲרֵ֖י מ֣וֹת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י אָבִ֣יךְ וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ וְאֶ֨רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖עַתְּ תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם: |
| 12May the Lord reward your deeds, and may your reward be full from the Lord God of Israel, under Whose wings you have come to take shelter." |
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יביְשַׁלֵּ֥ם יְהֹוָ֖ה פָּֽעֳלֵ֑ךְ וּתְהִ֨י מַשְׂכֻּרְתֵּ֜ךְ שְׁלֵמָ֗ה מֵעִ֤ם יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖את לַֽחֲס֥וֹת תַּֽחַת־כְּנָפָֽיו: |
| 13And she said, "Let me find favor in your sight, my lord, for you have comforted me, and you have spoken to the heart of your handmaid, but I am not [as worthy] as one of your handmaids." |
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יגוַ֠תֹּ֠אמֶר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֨ן בְּעֵינֶ֤יךָ אֲדֹנִי֙ כִּ֣י נִֽחַמְתָּ֔נִי וְכִ֥י דִבַּ֖רְתָּ עַל־לֵ֣ב שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּאַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽךָ: |
| but I am not as one of your handmaids. I am not as worthy as one of your handmaids. |
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לֹא אֶהְיֶה כְּאַחַת שִׁפְחֹתֶךָ.
אֵינֶנִּי חֲשׁוּבָה כְּאַחַת מִן הַשְּׁפָחוֹת שֶּׁלְּךָ:
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| 14And Boaz said to her at mealtime, "Come here and partake of the bread, and dip your morsel in the vinegar." So she sat down beside the reapers, and he handed her parched grain, and she ate and was sated and left over. |
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ידוַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ לָ֨ה בֹ֜עַז לְעֵ֣ת הָאֹ֗כֶל גֹּ֤שִֽׁי הֲלֹם֙ וְאָכַ֣לְתְּ מִן־הַלֶּ֔חֶם וְטָבַ֥לְתְּ פִּתֵּ֖ךְ בַּחֹ֑מֶץ וַתֵּ֨שֶׁב֙ מִצַּ֣ד הַקֹּֽצְרִ֔ים וַיִּצְבָּט־לָ֣הּ קָלִ֔י וַתֹּ֥אכַל וַתִּשְׂבַּ֖ע וַתֹּתַֽר: |
| and dip your morsel in the vinegar. From here [we derive] that vinegar is beneficial for a heatwave. |
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וְטָבַלְתְּ פִּתֵּךְ בַּחֹמֶץ.
מִכַּאן שֶׁהַחֹמֶץ יָפֶה לְשָׁרָב:
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| and he handed her parched grain. Heb. וַיִצְבָּט, and he handed her. There is no similar word in the Bible, but in the language of the Mishnah (Hagigah 3:1): “the back, the interior, and the handle (בֵּית הַצְבִיטָה).” |
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וַיִּצְבָּט לָהּ קָלִי.
וַיּוֹשֶׁט לָהּ. וְאֵין לוֹ דִמְיוֹן בַּמִּקְרָא אֶלָּא בִלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה: אֲחוֹרַיִם וְתָוֶךְ וּבֵית הַצְּבִיטָה:
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| 15And she rose to glean, and Boaz ordered his servants, saying, "Let her glean also among the sheaves, and do not embarrass her. |
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טווַתָּ֖קָם לְלַקֵּ֑ט וַיְצַו֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ין הָֽעֳמָרִ֛ים תְּלַקֵּ֖ט וְלֹ֥א תַכְלִימֽוּהָ: |
| 16And also, pretend to forget some of the bundles for her, and leave it that she may glean, and do not scold her." |
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טזוְגַ֛ם שֹֽׁל־תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ לָ֖הּ מִן־הַ צְּבָתִ֑ים וַֽעֲזַבְתֶּ֥ם וְלִקְּטָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִגְעֲרוּ־בָֽהּ: |
| And also, pretend to forget. Heb. שֹּׁל תָּשּׂלוּ, you shall forget, pretend that you are forgetting. The Targum for שְּׁגָגָה, inadvertence, is שָּׁלוּתָא, and similarly, (II Sam. 6:7): “for the error, (הַשַּׁל).” Another explanation: an expression of (Deut. 28:40): “your olive tree will cast off (יִשַּׁל) [its fruit].” |
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וְגַם שֹׁל תָּשֹׁלּוּ.
שָׁכוֹחַ תִּשְׁכְּחוּ, עֲשׂוּ עַצְמֵיכֶם כְּאִלּוּ אַתֶּם שׁוֹכְחִים. תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל שְׁגָגָה שְׁלוּתָא, וְכֵן "עַל הַשַּׁל". דָּבָר אַחֵר, לְשׁוֹן "כִּי יִשַּׁל זֵיתֶךָ":
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| bundles. Heb. צְבָתִים small sheaves, and there is a similar expression in the language of the Mishnah (Er. 10:1): “If he found them (tefillin) in pairs (צְבָתִים) or in bundles.” |
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צְבָתִים.
עֳמָרִים קְטַנִּים. וְיֵשׁ דֻּגְמָתוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה, מְצָאָן צְבָתִים אוֹ כְרִיכוֹת:
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| 17And she gleaned in the field until evening, and she beat out what she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley. |
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יזוַתְּלַקֵּ֥ט בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־לִקֵּ֔טָה וַיְהִ֖י כְּאֵיפָ֥ה שְׂעֹרִֽים: |
| 18And she carried [it] and came to the city, and her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned. And she took [it] out and gave her what she had left over after being sated. |
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יחוַתִּשָּׂא֙ וַתָּב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַתֵּ֥רֶא חֲמוֹתָ֖הּ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־לִקֵּ֑טָה וַתּוֹצֵא֙ וַתִּתֶּן־לָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹתִ֖רָה מִשָּׂבְעָֽהּ: |
| 19And her mother-in-law said to her, "Where have you gleaned today and where have you worked? May he who took heed of you be blessed." So she told her mother-in-law with whom she had worked, and she said, "The name of the man with whom I worked today is Boaz." |
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יטוַתֹּ֩אמֶר֩ לָ֨הּ חֲמוֹתָ֜הּ אֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַיּוֹם֙ וְאָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית יְהִ֥י מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ בָּר֑וּךְ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לַֽחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָֽשְׂתָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֧יתִי עִמּ֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם בֹּֽעַז: |
| May he who took heed of you. the owner of the field who showed you favor [and permitted you] to glean in his field. |
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יְהִי מַכִּירֵךְ בָּרוּךְ.
בַּעַל הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁנָּשָׂא וְנָתַן לָךְ פָּנִים לִלְקֹט בְּשָׂדֵהוּ:
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| 20And Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, "Blessed be he of the Lord, who did not leave off his kindness with the living or with the deceased." And Naomi said to her, "The man is our kinsman; he is one of our near kinsmen." |
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כוַתֹּ֨אמֶר נָֽעֳמִ֜י לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹֽא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַֽחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ נָֽעֳמִ֗י קָר֥וֹב לָ֨נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּֽאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא: |
| with the living or with the deceased. That he sustains and supports the living and occupies himself with the needs of the deceased. |
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אֶת הַחַיִּים וְאֶת הַמֵּתִים.
שֶׁזָּן וּמְפַרְנֵס אֶת הַחַיִּים וְנִטְפָּל בְּצָרְכֵי הַמֵּתִים:
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| 21And Ruth the Moabitess said, "He also said to me; You shall stay with my youths until they finish my entire harvest." |
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כאוַתֹּ֖אמֶר ר֣וּת הַמּֽוֹאֲבִיָּ֑ה גַּ֣ם | כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗י עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔ין עַ֣ד אִם־כִּלּ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַקָּצִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי: |
| 22And Naomi said to Ruth her daughter-in-law, "It is good, my daughter, that you go out with his maidens, so that they do not molest you in another field." |
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כבוַתֹּ֥אמֶר נָֽעֳמִ֖י אֶל־ר֣וּת כַּלָּתָ֑הּ ט֣וֹב בִּתִּ֗י כִּ֤י תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם־נַ֣עֲרוֹתָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ בְּשָׂדֶ֥ה אַחֵֽר: |
| 23And she stayed with Boaz's maidens to glean until the completion of the barley harvest and the wheat harvest, and she dwelt with her mother-in-law. |
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כגוַתִּדְבַּ֞ק בְּנַֽעֲר֥וֹת בֹּ֨עַז֙ לְלַקֵּ֔ט עַד־כְּל֥וֹת קְצִֽיר־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֖ים וּקְצִ֣יר הַֽחִטִּ֑ים וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽהּ: |
