Chapter 1

1And king David was old, he came into his old age, and they covered him with clothes, but he was not warmed.   א וְהַמֶּ֚לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיְכַסֻּ֙הוּ֙ בַּבְּגָדִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יִחַ֖ם לֽוֹ:
But he was not warmed. Our Rabbis concluded and said: “He who disgraces clothing will ultimately be deprived of their pleasures. Because David tore the skirt of Saul’s robe (Samuel I 24:5) consequently, they did not warm him” (Berachoth 62b). As David saw the angel of death standing in Jerusalem and his sword in his hand, his blood became cold from fear of him.   וְלֹא יִחַם לוֹ.  אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ: כָּל הַמְבַזֶּה בְּגָדִים, אֵינוֹ נֶהֶנָה מֵהֶם לַסוֹף, לְפִי שֶׁקָּרַע אֶת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל לְשָׁאוּל. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה: אָמַר רַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחֲמָנִי: כְּשֶׁרָאָה דָוִד אֶת הַמַּלְאָךְ עוֹמֵד בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְחַרְבּוֹ בְּיָדוֹ, נִצְטַנֵּן דָּמוֹ מִיִּרְאָתוֹ.
2And his servants said to him, "Let them seek for my lord the king a young girl, a virgin, and she shall stand before the king, and she shall be to him a warmer, and she shall lie in your lap, and it shall be warm for my lord the king."   בוַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ ל֣וֹ עֲבָדָ֗יו יְבַקְשׁ֞וּ לַאדֹנִ֚י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה וְעָֽמְדָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּתְהִי־ל֖וֹ סֹכֶ֑נֶת וְשָׁכְבָ֣ה בְחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וְחַ֖ם לַאדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
A virgin. her virginity warms her flesh.   בְתוּלָה.  בְּתוּלֶיהָ מְחַמְּמִין אֶת בְּשָׂרָהּ.
A warmer. Heb. סכנת a warmer, and similarly “and he who chops wood is warmed (יסכן) by them” (Eccl. 10:9).   סֹכֶנֶת.  מְחַמֶּמֶת, וְכֵן: וּבוֹקֵעַ עֵצִים יִסָּכֶן בָּם.
3And they sought a beautiful young girl throughout the borders of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunemitess and brought her to the king.   גוַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה יָפָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְצְא֗וּ אֶת־אֲבִישַׁג֙ הַשּׁ֣וּנַמִּ֔ית וַיָּבִ֥אוּ אֹתָ֖הּ לַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
4And the young girl was very beautiful, and she was a warmer to the king, and she ministered to him, but the king did not know her.   דוְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה יָפָ֣ה עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וַתְּהִ֨י לַמֶּ֚לֶךְ סֹכֶ֙נֶת֙ וַתְּשָׁ֣רְתֵ֔הוּ וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א יְדָעָֽהּ:
did not know her.    לֹא יְדָעָהּ.  שֶׁהַבְּתוּלָה יָפָה לְחַמֵּם מִן הַבְּעוּלָה. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: מִשּׁוּם לֹא יַרְבֶּה לּוֹ נָשִׁים, וּכְבָר הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר.
5And Adoniahu the son of Haggith exalted himself saying: 'I will be king,' and he made for himself chariots and horsemen and fifty men to run before him.   הוַאֲדֹנִיָּ֧ה בֶן־חַגִּ֛ית מִתְנַשֵּׂ֥א לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲנִ֣י אֶמְלֹ֑ךְ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ ל֗וֹ רֶכֶב וּפָ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ רָצִ֥ים לְפָנָֽיו:
Exalted himself. He exalted himself.   מִתְנַשֵּׂא.  מִתְפָּאֵר.
And fifty men. had their spleens removed and the soles of their feet were scraped.   וַחֲמִשִּׁים אִישׁ.  נְטוּלֵי טְחוֹל וַחֲקוּקֵי כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִם.
6And his father had not angered him all his days saying, "Why have you done so?" And he too was of very handsome appearance, and she bore him after Absalom.   ווְלֹֽא־עֲצָב֨וֹ אָבִ֚יו מִיָּמָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ כָּ֣כָה עָשִֹ֑יתָ וְגַם־ה֚וּא טֽוֹב־תֹּ֙אַר֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאֹת֥וֹ יָלְדָ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם:
And his father had not angered him. His father never angered him. This episode teaches you that “he who refrains from rebuking his child brings him to his death.”   וְלֹא עֲצָבוֹ.  לֹא הִכְעִיסוֹ, לִמֶּדְךָ שֶׁהַמּוֹנֵעַ תּוֹכָחָה מִבְּנוֹ, מְבִיאוֹ לִידֵי מִיתָה.
And he too was of very handsome appearance. Absalom about whom it is written (Samuel II 14:25) “And as Absalom there was none so handsome.” This caused them, [Absalom and Adoniahu], to be proud.   וְגַם הוּא טוֹב תֹּאַר.  כְּאַבְשָׁלוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּכְאַבְשָׁלוֹם לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ יָפֶה, הִיא גָּרְמָה לָהֶם שֶׁנִּתְגָּאוּ.
And she bore him. his mother.   וְאֹתוֹ יָלְדָה.  אִמּוֹ.
After Absalom. This is to say that his mother reared him in the same spoiled manner that Absalom’s mother reared him.   אַחֲרֵי אַבְשָׁלוֹם.  כְּלוֹמַר גִּדְּלַתּוֹ אַחַר תַּרְבּוּת שֶׁגִּדְלָה אִמּוֹ שֶׁל אַבְשָׁלוֹם.
7And he conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest and they helped [by following] after Adoniahu.   זוַיִּהְי֣וּ דְבָרָ֔יו עִם יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֔ה וְעִ֖ם אֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַֽיַּעְזְר֔וּ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲדֹנִיָּֽה:
With Joab the son of Zeruiah. Because he knew that David bore a grudge against him for having killed Abner, Amasa, and Absalom, and that he would eventually charge his son, who would reign in his place, to deal with him. Joab, therefore, preferred that this one, [Adoniahu] should reign through his help and so that Adoniahu should favor him.   עִם יוֹאָב בֶּן צְרוּיָה.  לְפִי שֶׁהָיָה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁבְּלִבּוֹ שֶׁל דָּוִד עָלָיו, עַל שֶׁהָרַג אֶת אַבְנֵר וַעֲמָשָׂא וְאַבְשָׁלוֹם, וְסוֹפוֹ שֶׁיְּצַוֶּה אֶת בְּנוֹ הַמּוֹלֵךְ תַּחְתָּיו עָלָיו, לְפִיכָךְ הָיָה רוֹצֶה שֶׁיִּמְלֹךְ זֶה עַל יָדוֹ, וְיֶאֱהָבֶנּוּ.
And with Abiathar the priest. Because he was dismissed from the priesthood at the time when David was escaping from Jerusalem because of Absalom. When Abiathar consulted the Urim and Tumim and was unsuccessful, as it is said, (Samuel II 15:24) “And Abiathar went up.” And he was a descendent of Eli. And Abiathar knew that he would not serve in the days of Solomon, for it was said to Eli “And I will raise Me up a faithful priest and he shall walk before My anointed one” (Samuel I 2:35). Abiathar preferred [therefore,] that Adoniahu become king through his assistance.   וְעִם אֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֵן.  שֶׁנִּסְתַּלֵּק מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה מִשֶּׁבָּרַח דָּוִד מִירוּשָׁלַיִם מִפְּנֵי אַבְשָׁלוֹם, שֶׁשָּׁאַל בָּאוּרִים וְתֻמִּים וְלֹא עָלְתָה לּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיַּעַל אֶבְיָתָר, וְהָיָה מִבְּנֵי בָּנָיו שֶׁל עֵלִי, וְיָדַע שֶׁלֹּא יְשַׁמֵּשׁ בִּימֵי שְׁלֹמֹה, שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר לְעֵלִי: וַהֲקִימֹתִי לִי כֹּהֵן נֶאֱמָן וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי מְשִׁיחִי, וְהָיָה חָפֵץ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד זֶה עַל יָדוֹ.
8And Zadok the priest and Benaiahu the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei and Rei, and the mighty men, who were with David, were not with Adoniahu.   חוְצָד֣וֹק הַ֠כֹּהֵן וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֜ע וְנָתָ֚ן הַנָּבִיא֙ וְשִׁמְעִ֣י וְרֵעִ֔י וְהַגִּבּוֹרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֑ד לֹ֥א הָי֖וּ עִם־אֲדֹנִיָּֽהוּ:
And Nathan the prophet. who prophesied to David that Solomon would reign, as it is said in (Chronicles I 22:9) “and Solomon shall be his name.”   וְנָתָן הַנָּבִיא.  שֶׁנִּבֵּא לְדָוִד שֶׁשְּׁלֹמֹה יִמְלֹךְ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים: וּשְׁלֹמֹה יִהְיֶה שְׁמוֹ.
9And Adoniahu slew sheep and oxen and fatlings, by the stone of Zoheleth which is beside En-Rogel, and he called all his brothers, the king's sons, and all the men of Judah, the kings servants.   טוַיִּזְבַּ֣ח אֲדֹנִיָּ֗הוּ צֹ֚אן וּבָקָר֙ וּמְרִ֔יא עִם אֶ֣בֶן הַזֹּחֶ֔לֶת אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֖צֶל עֵ֣ין רֹגֵ֑ל וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶת־כָּל־אֶחָיו֙ בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עַבְדֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
And fatlings. [These are sheep and] oxen which have been fattened by forceful feeding.   וּמְרִיא.  שׁוֹר שֶׁל פְּטָם.
The stone of Zoheleth. A huge stone with which the young men would test their strength to move or drag it. [Zoheleth is] an expression similar to moving water (זוחלין) or “those that move (זוחלי) on the dust” (Deut. 32:24). Targum Jonathan renders this word זוֹחֶלֶת a ‘lookout stone,’ upon which one could stand and look far into the distance.   אֶבֶן הַזֹּחֶלֶת.  אֶבֶן גְּדוֹלָה, שֶׁהָיוּ הַבַּחוּרִים מְנַסִּין בָּהּ אֶת כֹּחָם לַהֲזִיזָהּ וּלְגָרְרָהּ, לְשׁוֹן מַיִם זוֹחֲלִין: זוֹחֲלֵי עָפָר. וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: אֶבֶן סְכוּתָא, שֶׁעוֹמְדִין עָלֶיהָ וְצוֹפִין לְמֵרָחוֹק.
En-Rogel. which was a well used by a clothes washer who would press the woolen clothes which he washed, with his feet, by stamping [on them].   עֵין רֹגֵל.  תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: עֵין קַצְרָא, הוּא כּוֹבֵס, שֶׁמְּתַקֵּן בִּגְדֵי צֶמֶר בְּרַגְלָיו, עַל יְדֵי בְּעִיטָה.
10And Nathan the prophet and Benaiahu and the mighty men and his brother, Solomon, he did not call.   יוְֽאֶת־נָתָן֩ הַנָּבִ֨יא וּבְנָיָ֜הוּ וְאֶת־הַגִּבּוֹרִ֛ים וְאֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א קָרָֽא:
And his brother Solomon, he did not call. for he knew that the prophet had prophesied about him that he would reign [after David’s death].   וְאֶת שְׁלֹמֹה אָחִיו לֹא קָרָא.  שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ הָיָה, שֶׁהִתְנַבֵּא עָלָיו הַנָּבִיא לִמְלֹךְ.
11And Nathan said to Bath-Sheba, Solomon's mother, saying, "You have surely heard that Adoniahu the son of Haggith has reigned, and our lord, David, did not know [it].   יאוַיֹּ֣אמֶר נָתָ֗ן אֶל־בַּת־שֶׁ֚בַע אֵם־שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֣וֹא שָׁמַ֔עַתְּ כִּ֥י מָלַ֖ךְ אֲדֹנִיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־חַגִּ֑ית וַאֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ דָוִ֖ד לֹ֥א יָדָֽע:
12And now come and I shall council you with advice, and you shall save your life and the life of your son Solomon.   יבוְעַתָּ֕ה לְכִ֛י אִיעָצֵ֥ךְ נָ֖א עֵצָ֑ה וּמַלְּטִי֙ אֶת־נַפְשֵׁ֔ךְ וְאֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בְּנֵ֖ךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה:
And you shall save your life. and save your soul from the rivalry which will follow the death of the king, for your son will wish to reign as the Holy One, Blessed be He, promised him.   וּמַלְּטִי אֶת נַפְשֵׁךְ.  מִן הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת לְאַחַר מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ, שֶׁיִּרְצֶה בְּנֵךְ לִמְלֹךְ, כְּמָה שֶׁהִבְטִיחוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא.
13Go and come to king David, and you shall say to him, 'Surely, you, my lord the king, did swear to your maid saying that, 'Solomon your son will reign after me and he shall sit upon my throne,' Now why did Adoniahu reign?"   יגלְכִ֞י וּבֹ֣אִי | אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וְאָמַ֚רְתְּ אֵלָיו֙ הֲלֹֽא־אַתָּ֞ה אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ נִשְׁבַּ֚עְתָּ לַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־שְׁלֹמֹ֚ה בְנֵךְ֙ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרַ֔י וְה֖וּא יֵשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֑י וּמַדּ֖וּעַ מָלַ֥ךְ אֲדֹנִיָּֽהוּ:
14Behold, you are talking there with the king, and I shall come in after you and I shall complete your words."   ידהִנֵּ֗ה עוֹדָ֛ךְ מְדַבֶּ֥רֶת שָׁ֖ם עִם־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַאֲנִי֙ אָב֣וֹא אַחֲרַ֔יִךְ וּמִלֵּאתִ֖י אֶת־דְּבָרָֽיִךְ:
15And Bath Sheba came in unto the king, into the chamber; and the king was very old; and Abishag the Shunemitess ministered the king.   טווַתָּבֹ֨א בַת־שֶׁ֚בַע אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַחַ֔דְרָה וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ זָקֵ֣ן מְאֹ֑ד וַֽאֲבִישַׁג֙ הַשּׁ֣וּנַמִּ֔ית מְשָׁרַ֖ת אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
16And Bath-Sheba bowed her head, and prostrated herself unto the king, and the king said, "What is your [wish]?"   טזוַתִּקֹּ֣ד בַּת־שֶׁ֔בַע וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה־לָּֽךְ:
17And she said to him, "My lord, you swore by the Lord your God to your maid, that, 'Solomon, your son, shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne.'   יזוַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ אֲדֹנִי֙ אַתָּ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתָּ בַּֽיהֹוָ֚ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לַֽאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנֵ֖ךְ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרָ֑י וְה֖וּא יֵשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִֽי:
18And now, behold Adoniahu has reigned, and now my lord the king, you did not know.   יחוְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אֲדֹנִיָּ֖ה מָלָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתָּ:
19And he has slain oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance and he called all the king's sons and Abiathar the priest and Joab the general of the army, but Solomon, your servant, he did not call.   יטוַ֠יִּזְבַּח שׁ֥וֹר וּֽמְרִיא־וְצֹאן֘ לָרֹב֒ וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְאֶבְיָתָר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וּלְיֹאָ֖ב שַֹ֣ר הַצָּבָ֑א וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה עַבְדְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א קָרָֽא:
20And you, my lord the king, the eyes of all Israel are upon you, that you should tell them, who shall sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.   כוְאַתָּה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עֵינֵ֥י כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עָלֶ֑יךָ לְהַגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם מִ֗י יֵשֵׁ֛ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרָֽיו:
21And [otherwise] when my lord the king shall sleep with his fathers, and I and my son Solomon shall be [considered] offenders."   כאוְהָיָ֕ה כִּשְׁכַ֥ב אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וְהָיִ֗יתִי אֲנִ֛י וּבְנִ֥י שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה חַטָּאִֽים:
And I and my son shall be considered offenders. Instead they will always be lacking and restrained from any greatness.   חַטָּאִים.  חֲסֵרִים וּמְנוּעִין מִן הַגְּדֻלָּה, כְּמוֹ: אֶל הַשַּׂעֲרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא.
22And behold, she was still speaking with the king, and Nathan the prophet came.   כבוְהִנֵּ֛ה עוֹדֶ֥נָּה מְדַבֶּ֖רֶת עִם־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְנָתָ֥ן הַנָּבִ֖יא בָּֽא:
23And they told the king saying, "Behold, Nathan the prophet." And he came in before the king and he prostrated himself unto the king upon his face, to the ground.   כגוַיַּגִּ֚ידוּ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֖ה נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֑יא וַיָּבֹא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ עַל־אַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה:
24And Nathan said, "My lord the king, did you say 'Adoniahu shall reign after me and he shall sit upon my throne?'"   כדוַיֹּאמֶר֘ נָתָן֒ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ אֲדֹנִיָּ֖הוּ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרָ֑י וְה֖וּא יֵשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִֽי:
Did you say. The interrogative.   אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ.  בִּתְמִיָּה.
25For he has gone down this day and has slain oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and he called all the King's sons, and the officers of the army, and Abiathar the priest, and behold they eat and drink before him, and they said, "Long live King Adoniahu."   כהכִּ֣י | יָרַ֣ד הַיּ֗וֹם וַ֠יִּזְבַּח שׁ֥וֹר וּֽמְרִיא־וְצֹאן֘ לָרֹב֒ וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וּלְשָׂרֵ֚י הַצָּבָא֙ וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנָּ֛ם אֹכְלִ֥ים וְשֹׁתִ֖ים לְפָנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְחִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲדֹנִיָּֽהוּ:
For he went down on this day. The city was on higher ground and the אֶבֶן הַזוֹחֶלֶת was below in a valley.   כִּי יָרַד הַיּוֹם.  שֶׁהָעִיר הָיְתָה גְּבוֹהָה, וְאֶבֶן הַזּוֹחֶלֶת לְמַטָּה בַּגַּיְא.
26And me, [even] me your servant, and Zadok the priest and Benaiahu the son of Yehoiada and Solomon, your servant, he did not call.   כווְלִ֣י אֲנִֽי־עַ֠בְדֶּךָ וּלְצָדֹ֨ק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְלִבְנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֛ע וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה עַבְדְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א קָרָֽא:
27If this matter stems from my lord the king, [I wonder that] you have not informed your servant who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.   כזאִ֗ם מֵאֵת֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ נִהְיָ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֚א הוֹדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ (כתיב עַבְדְּיךָ֔) מִ֗י יֵשֵׁ֛ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרָֽיו:
28And king David answered and said, "Call Bath Sheba to me. And she came before the king and stood before the king.   כחוַיַּ֨עַן הַמֶּ֚לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר קִרְאוּ־לִ֖י לְבַת־שָׁ֑בַע וַתָּבֹא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
29And he swore and said, "[I swear as] God lives who redeemed my soul from all distress.   כטוַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר חַי־יְהֹוָ֕ה אֲשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י מִכָּל־צָרָֽה:
30Indeed, as I swore to you by the Lord God of Israel saying, 'Surely Solomon, your son, shall reign after me and he shall sit on my throne in my stead,' surely, so will I do this day."   לכִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי לָ֜ךְ בַּיהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֚י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־שְׁלֹמֹ֚ה בְנֵךְ֙ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרַ֔י וְה֛וּא יֵשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֖י תַּחְתָּ֑י כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן אֶעֱשֶֹ֖ה הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה:
31And Bath-Sheba bowed [her] face to the earth, and she prostrated herself to the king and said, "Let my lord King David live forever."   לאוַתִּקֹּ֨ד בַּת־שֶׁ֚בַע אַפַּ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַתֹּ֕אמֶר יְחִ֗י אֲדֹנִ֛י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד לְעֹלָֽם:
32And king David said, "Call to me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiahu the son of Jehoiada," and they came before the king.   לבוַיֹּ֣אמֶר | הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד קִרְאוּ־לִ֞י לְצָד֚וֹק הַכֹּהֵן֙ וּלְנָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וְלִבְנָיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
33And the king said to them, "Take with you the servants of your lord, and you shall cause Solomon my son to ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon.   לגוַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לָהֶ֗ם קְח֚וּ עִמָּכֶם֙ אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִרְכַּבְתֶּם֙ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֔י עַל־הַפִּרְדָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־לִ֑י וְהוֹרַדְתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־גִּחֽוֹן:
On my own mule. This will be a positive sign that he will reign and the beginning of his advancement to greatness since a commoner is forbidden to ride on the king’s horse.   עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁר לִי.  הוּא סִימָן לוֹ שֶׁיִּמְלֹךְ, וּתְחִלַּת הַגְּדֻלָּה, שֶׁאֵין הֶדְיוֹט רוֹכֵב עַל סוּסוֹ שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ.
To Gihon. Gihon and Shiloah are synonymous. From this is derived the custom not to anoint the kings except at the well, to symbolize thereby that his kingdom shall be endless as the waters of a well.   אֶל גִּחוֹן.  הוּא מַעְיַן הַשִּׁלּוֹחַ, מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין מוֹשְׁחִין אֶת הַמְּלָכִים אֶלָּא עַל הַמַּעְיָן, סִימָן שֶׁתִּמָּשֵׁךְ מַלְכוּתוֹ.
34And Tzadok the priest and Nathan the prophet shall anoint him there as king over Israel, and blow the horn and say, "(Long) live King Solomon."   לדוּמָשַׁ֣ח אֹת֣וֹ שָׁ֠ם צָד֨וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְנָתָ֧ן הַנָּבִ֛יא לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּתְקַעְתֶּם֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם יְחִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה:
And he shall anoint him. To anoint him between the lids of his eyes in the form of a crown.   וּמָשַׁח אֹתוֹ.  נוֹתֵן לוֹ שֶׁמֶן בֵּין רִיסֵי עֵינָיו, כְּמִין נֵזֶר.
35And you shall come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne, and he shall reign in my stead, and I have appointed him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah.   להוַעֲלִיתֶ֣ם אַחֲרָ֗יו וּבָא֙ וְיָשַׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֔י וְה֥וּא יִמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּ֑י וְאֹת֚וֹ צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת נָגִ֔יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְעַל־יְהוּדָֽה:
36And Benaiahu the son of Jehoida answered the king and said, "Amen, [may] the Lord, God of my lord the king say so [too].   לווַיַּ֨עַן בְּנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהֽוֹיָדָ֛ע אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר | אָמֵ֑ן כֵּן יֹאמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֱלֹהֵ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
Amen. “Long live king Solomon.”   אָמֵן.  שֶׁיִּחְיֶה שְׁלֹמֹה.
37As the Lord was with my lord the king, so shall He be with Solomon and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord King David.   לזכַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֚ה יְהֹוָה֙ עִם־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כֵּ֖ן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה (כתיב יִֽהְיֶ֣) עִם־שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וִֽיגַדֵּל֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מִ֨כִּסֵּ֔א אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽד:
Than the throne of my lord king David. From this we may derive that a father does not feel envy when his son surpasses him.   מִכִּסֵּא אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ.  מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין אָדָם מִתְקַנֵּא בִּבְנוֹ.
38And Tzadok the priest and Nathan the prophet and Benaiahu the son of Jehoiada and the archers and the slingers went down, and caused Solomon to ride on king David's mule and brought him to Gihon.   לחוַיֵּ֣רֶד צָד֣וֹק הַ֠כֹּהֵן וְנָתָ֨ן הַנָּבִ֜יא וּבְנָיָ֣הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֗ע וְהַכְּרֵתִי֙ וְהַפְּלֵתִ֔י וַיַּרְכִּ֙בוּ֙ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה עַל־פִּרְדַּ֖ת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּלִ֥כוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־גִּחֽוֹן:
And the archers and the slingers. The Targum renders this, the archers and the slingers. Our Sages however, maintain that this refers to the אוּרִים וְתֻּמִים.   וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי.  תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: וְקַשָּׁתַיָּא וְקַלָּעַיָּא. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים.
39And Tzadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tabernacle and anointed Solomon, and they blew the horn, and all the people said, "Long live king Solomon."   לטוַיִּקַּח֩ צָד֨וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־קֶ֚רֶן הַשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙ מִן־הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיִּמְשַׁ֖ח אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם יְחִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה:
And Zadok the priest took the horn of oil. The special holy oil compounded by Moses in the desert.   אֶת קֶרֶן הַשֶּׁמֶן.  מִשֶּׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה שֶׁעָשָׂה משֶׁה.
From the tent. Since the Holy Ark was in Jerusalem which was known as the city of David, and the jug of oil of anointment was before it, both were, therefore, in Jerusalem, as we have learned in the Tractate Yoma (52b).   מִן הָאֹהֶל.  שֶׁהָאָרוֹן נָתוּן בְּעִיר דָּוִד, וּצְלוֹחִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה לִפְנֵי הָאָרוֹן (יומא נב ב).
40And all the people came up after him, and the people played the flutes and rejoiced with great joy, and the earth was rent by their sound.   מוַיַּעֲל֚וּ כָל־הָעָם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְהָעָם֙ מְחַלְּלִ֣ים בַּחֲלִלִ֔ים וּשְׂמֵחִ֖ים שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַתִּבָּקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּקוֹלָֽם:
The flutes. A flute also in old French.   בַּחֲלִלִים.  פלאוט"י בְּלַעַ"ז (חָלִיל).
And the earth was rent. Prophets [who] made use of exaggerations [in descriptions], as is common by most people.   וַתִּבָּקַע הָאָרֶץ.  דִּבְּרוּ הַנְּבִיאִים בִּלְשׁוֹן הֲבַאי, כִּלְשׁוֹן בְּנֵי אָדָם.
41And Adoniahu and all the guests who [were] with him heard [it] and they had finished eating, and [as] Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said, "Why (is) the noise of the city turbulent?"   מאוַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֲדֹנִיָּ֗הוּ וְכָל־הַקְּרֻאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וְהֵ֖ם כִּלּ֣וּ לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וַיִּשְׁמַ֚ע יוֹאָב֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֥וּעַ קֽוֹל־הַקִּרְיָ֖ה הוֹמָֽה:
42(While) he was still speaking, and behold Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came, and Adoniahu said, "Come in, for you are a valiant man, and bring good tidings."   מבעוֹדֶ֣נּוּ מְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֧ה יוֹנָתָ֛ן בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֚אמֶר אֲדֹנִיָּ֙הוּ֙ בֹּ֔א כִּ֣י אִ֥ישׁ חַ֛יִל אַ֖תָּה וְט֥וֹב תְּבַשֵּֽׂר:
43And Jonathan answered and said to Adoniahu, "But our lord king David has made Solomon king.   מגוַיַּ֙עַן֙ יוֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לַאֲדֹנִיָּ֑הוּ אֲבָ֕ל אֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִ֖ד הִמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹֽה:
But our lord. Jonathan replied, “… at this moment my report is not of good tidings for you.”   אֲבָל אֲדֹנֵינוּ.  כְּלוֹמַר, עַכְשָׁיו אֵין בְּשׂוֹרָתִי טוֹבָה לְךָ.
44And the king sent with him Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet and Benaihu the son of Jehoiada and the archers and the slingers, and they have caused him to ride on the king's mule.   מדוַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אִתּֽוֹ־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־צָד֨וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְאֶת־נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֗יא וּבְנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וְהַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י וַיַּרְכִּ֣בוּ אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל פִּרְדַּ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
45And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon, and they have come up from their rejoicing, and (therefore) the city was turbulent, this is the noise you have heard.   מהוַיִּמְשְׁח֣וּ אֹת֡וֹ צָד֣וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָתָן֩ הַנָּבִ֨יא לְמֶ֜לֶךְ בְּגִח֗וֹן וַיַּעֲל֚וּ מִשָּׁם֙ שְׂמֵחִ֔ים וַתֵּהֹ֖ם הַקִּרְיָ֑ה ה֥וּא הַקּ֖וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם:
46And also Solomon was sitting on the throne of the kingdom.   מווְגַם֙ יָשַׁ֣ב שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה עַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֥א הַמְּלוּכָֽה:
47And also the king's servants came to bless our lord king David saying, '(May) God make the name of Solomon better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne,' and the king bowed down upon the bed.   מזוְגַם־בָּ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לְ֠בָרֵךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵ֜ינוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִד֘ לֵאמֹר֒ יֵיטֵ֨ב אֱלֹהִ֜ים (כתיב אֱלֹהִ֜יך) אֶת־שֵׁ֚ם שְׁלֹמֹה֙ מִשְּׁמֶ֔ךָ וִֽיגַדֵּ֥ל אֶת־כִּסְא֖וֹ מִכִּסְאֶ֑ךָ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽב:
48And also this the king said, "Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, who has given this day one to sit on my throne, and my eyes seeing (it).'"   מחוְגַם־כָּ֖כָה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בָּר֨וּךְ יְהֹוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֥ן הַיּ֛וֹם ישֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֖י וְעֵינַ֥י רֹאֽוֹת:
49And all Adoniahu's guests trembled and arose and went each man to his way.   מטוַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ֙ וַיָּקֻ֔מוּ כָּל־הַ֨קְּרֻאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַאֲדֹנִיָּ֑הוּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכּֽוֹ:
50And Adoniahu was fearful of Solomon, and he rose and went, and he took hold of the horns of the altar.   נוַאֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ יָרֵ֖א מִפְּנֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ:
And he rose up and took hold of the horns of the altar. which was in Gibeon. He said, "Those put to death by Beth Din are buried in the graves of Beth Din. I shall die here, and be buried in the graves of my forefathers." Thus did Rabbi Tanhuma expound.   בְּקַרְנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ.  שֶׁהָיָה בְּגִבְעוֹן, אָמַר: הֲרוּגֵי בֵּית דִּין נִקְבָּרִין בְּקִבְרֵי בֵּית דִּין, אָמוּת כָּאן, וְאֶקָּבֵר בְּקִבְרֵי אֲבוֹתַי (תנחומא מסעי יב).
51And it was told to Solomon saying, behold Adoniahu fears king Solomon, and behold he has taken hold of the horns of the altar saying, "Let king Solomon swear to me today, that he shall not kill his servant with the sword."   נאוַיֻּגַּ֚ד לִשְׁלֹמֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּה֙ אֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ יָרֵ֖א אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וְ֠הִנֵּה אָחַ֞ז בְּקַרְנ֚וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשָּֽׁבַֽע־לִ֚י כַיּוֹם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אִם־יָמִ֥ית אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ בֶּחָֽרֶב:
52And Solomon said, "If he will be a valiant man, even one hair of his shall not fall to the ground, but if wickedness will be found in him, he shall die.   נבוַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אִם יִהְיֶ֣ה לְבֶן־חַ֔יִל לֹֽא־יִפֹּ֥ל מִשַּׂעֲרָת֖וֹ אָ֑רְצָה וְאִם־רָעָ֥ה תִמָּצֵא־ב֖וֹ וָמֵֽת:
53And King Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar, and he came in and prostrated himself before king Solomon, and Solomon said to him. "Go to your house."   נגוַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה וַיֹּרִדֻ֙הוּ֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לֵ֥ךְ לְבֵיתֶֽךָ: