| 1And Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants to put David to death. But Jonathan, Saul's son, desired David very much. |
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אוַיְדַבֵּ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל אֶל־יוֹנָתָ֚ן בְּנוֹ֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל חָפֵ֥ץ בְּדָוִ֖ד מְאֹֽד: |
| 2And Jonathan told David, saying, "Saul, my father, seeks to put you to death, and now, beware now in the morning, and you shall remain in secret, and hide. |
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בוַיַּגֵּ֚ד יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֔ר מְבַקֵּ֛שׁ שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּֽׁמֶר־נָ֣א בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בַסֵּ֖תֶר וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ: |
| 3And I shall come out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I shall speak on your behalf to my father; and if I see something, I shall tell you." |
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גוַאֲנִ֨י אֵצֵ֜א וְעָמַדְתִּ֣י לְיַד־אָבִ֗י בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר בְּךָ֖ אֶל־אָבִ֑י וְרָאִ֥יתִי מָ֖ה וְהִגַּ֥דְתִּי לָֽךְ: |
| beside my father. (lit., at the hand of my father.) Near my father, ‘en son aise’ (‘on his side,’ from Latin ‘adiacentia,’ adjacent) in Old French. |
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ליד אבי.
סמוך לאבי, איינשיי"ש בלע"ז:
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| 4And Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul, his father, and he said to him, "Let not the king sin against his servant David, because he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds are very good toward you. |
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דוַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוֹנָתָ֚ן בְּדָוִד֙ ט֔וֹב אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו אַל־יֶחֱטָ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹ בְדָוִ֗ד כִּ֣י ל֚וֹא חָטָא֙ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֥י מַעֲשָֹ֖יו טוֹב־לְךָ֥ מְאֹֽד: |
| 5And he put his life in his hand and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought a great salvation for all Israel. You saw and rejoiced. Why, then, should you sin against innocent blood, to put David to death for no reason?" |
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הוַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהֹוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֚ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֚מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם: |
| 6And Saul listened to Jonathan's voice, and Saul swore, "As the Lord lives, he will not be put to death." |
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ווַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל בְּק֣וֹל יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל חַי־יְהֹוָ֖ה אִם־יוּמָֽת: |
| 7And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan told him all these things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was before him as yesterday and before. |
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זוַיִּקְרָ֚א יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֵ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֚ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיְהִ֥י לְפָנָ֖יו כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם: |
| 8And there was war again, and David went out and battled the Philistines, and dealt a great blow upon them, and they fled from before him. |
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חוַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֚ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו: |
| 9And an evil spirit from the Lord was upon Saul, and he was sitting in his house, with his spear in his hand, and David was playing with his hand. |
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טוַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהֹוָ֚ה | רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵית֣וֹ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִית֖וֹ בְּיָד֑וֹ וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד: |
| 10And Saul attempted to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he slipped away from before Saul, and Saul drove the spear into the wall, but David fled and escaped on that night. |
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יוַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֚וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא: |
| 11And Saul sent messengers to David's house to guard him and to put him to death in the morning, and Michal his wife told David, saying, "If you do not flee for your life tonight, tomorrow you will be put to death!" |
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יאוַיִּשְׁלַח֩ שָׁא֨וּל מַלְאָכִ֜ים אֶל־בֵּ֚ית דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁמְר֔וֹ וְלַהֲמִית֖וֹ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗ד מִיכַ֚ל אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אִם־אֵ֨ינְךָ֜ מְמַלֵּ֚ט אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת: |
| 12And Michal let David down through the window, and he went, and fled, and escaped. |
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יבוַתֹּ֧רֶד מִיכַ֛ל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּעַ֣ד הַחַלּ֑וֹן וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיִּמָּלֵֽט: |
| 13And Michal took the teraphim, and put them into the bed, and she put a goatskin at its head, and covered it with a garment. |
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יגוַתִּקַּ֨ח מִיכַ֜ל אֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֗ים וַתָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶל־הַמִּטָּ֔ה וְאֵת֙ כְּבִ֣יר הָֽעִזִּ֔ים שָֹ֖מָה מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וַתְּכַ֖ס בַּבָּֽגֶד: |
| she put… at its head. since the teraphim has no hair, and this resembles human hair. |
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ותקח מיכל.
כדי שלא יבינו שברח וירדפו אחריו:
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| And Michal took. so that they should not understand that he fled, and pursue him. |
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את התרפים.
עשויים בדמות גוף אדם:
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| the teraphim. made in the likeness of a human body. |
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כביר העזים.
עור מופשט שלם כחמת, פלוצי"ל בלע"ז:
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| a goatskin. A hide skinned in one piece, like a skin bottle. Flocete in French (a hairy stuff). |
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שמה מראשותיו.
לפי שאין לתרפים שיער, וזה דומה לשיער אדם:
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| 14And Saul sent messengers to take David, and she said, "He is ill." |
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ידוַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁא֛וּל מַלְאָכִ֖ים לָקַ֣חַת אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַתֹּ֖אמֶר חֹלֶ֥ה הֽוּא: |
| 15And Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, "Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may put him to death." |
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טווַיִּשְׁלַ֚ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַעֲל֨וּ אֹת֧וֹ בַמִּטָּ֛ה אֵלַ֖י לַהֲמִתֽוֹ: |
| 16And the messengers came, and behold, the teraphim was in the bed, and the goatskin was at its head. |
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טזוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַתְּרָפִ֖ים אֶל־הַמִּטָּ֑ה וּכְבִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים מְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיו: |
| 17And Saul said to Michal, "Why have you thus deceived me, and you sent away my enemy, so that he escaped?" And Michal said to Saul, "He said to me, 'Let me go. Why should I put you to death?' " |
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יזוַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־מִיכַ֗ל לָ֚מָּה כָּ֙כָה֙ רִמִּיתִ֔נִי וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֥י אֶת־אֹיְבִ֖י וַיִּמָּלֵ֑ט וַתֹּ֚אמֶר מִיכַל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הוּא־אָמַ֥ר אֵלַ֛י שַׁלְּחִ֖נִי לָמָ֥ה אֲמִיתֵֽךְ: |
| He said to me, ‘Let me go, etc.’. You delivered me into the hands of a bandit. He drew his sword over me until I allowed him to leave. |
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הוא אמר אלי וגו'.
אתה מסרתני ביד לסטים אחד, שלף חרבו עלי עד ששלחתיו:
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| 18Now David had fled and escaped, and he came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him, and he and Samuel went and stayed in Naioth. |
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יחוְדָוִ֨ד בָּרַ֜ח וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט וַיָּבֹ֚א אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל֙ הָרָמָ֔תָה וַיַּ֨גֶּד־ל֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־ל֖וֹ שָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֚לֶךְ הוּא֙ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בְּנָֽיוֹת (כתיב בְּנָֽויֹת) : |
| 19And it was related to Saul, saying, "Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah." |
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יטוַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְשָׁא֖וּל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד בְּנָי֖וֹת (כתיב בְּנָו֖יֹת) בָּרָמָֽה: |
| and stayed in Naioth. (lit., dwellings; Jonathan renders:) in the house of study. |
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בניות.
(תרגום:) בבית אולפנא:
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| 20And Saul sent messengers to take David, and he saw the company of prophets prophesying and Samuel was standing as head over them; and a spirit from God was upon Saul's messengers, and they too prophesied. |
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כוַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח שָׁא֣וּל מַלְאָכִים֘ לָקַ֣חַת אֶת־דָּוִד֒ וַיַּ֗רְא אֶֽת־לַהֲקַ֚ת הַנְּבִיאִים֙ נִבְּאִ֔ים וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל עֹמֵ֥ד נִצָּ֖ב עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתְּהִ֞י עַֽל־מַלְאֲכֵ֚י שָׁאוּל֙ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם־הֵֽמָּה: |
| the company. להקת, reversed from קהלת a company (Jonathan). |
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להקת.
(תרגום:) סיעת:
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| 21And they told Saul, and he sent other messengers, and they too prophesied. And Saul continued to send third messengers, and they too prophesied. |
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כאוַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֗וּל וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם־הֵ֑מָּה וַיֹּ֣סֶף שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֣ים שְׁלִשִׁ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם־הֵֽמָּה: |
| 22And he also went to Ramah, and he came to the great pit which is in Secu, and he asked, and said, "Where are Samuel and David?" And (one) said, "Behold, at Naioth in Ramah." |
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כבוַיֵּ֨לֶךְ גַּם־ה֜וּא הָרָמָ֗תָה וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד־בּ֚וֹר הַגָּדוֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשֶּׂ֔כוּ וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵיפֹ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל וְדָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה בְּנָי֥וֹת (כתיב בְּנָוֹ֥ית) בָּרָמָֽה: |
| 23And he went there, to Naioth in Ramah, and even upon him was a spirit from God, and he went along prophesying until he came to Naioth in Ramah. |
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כגוַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שָׁ֔ם אֶל־נָי֖וֹת (כתיב נָוֹ֖ית) בָּרָמָ֑ה וַתְּהִי֩ עָלָ֨יו גַּם־ה֜וּא ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֵּ֚לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֔א עַד־בֹּא֖וֹ בְּנָי֥וֹת (כתיב בְּנָוֹ֥ית) בָּרָמָֽה: |
| 24And he too stripped off his clothes, and he too prophesied before Samuel, and he fell naked all that day and all the night. Therefore, they say, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" |
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כדוַיִּפְשַׁ֨ט גַּם־ה֜וּא בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֚א גַם־הוּא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּפֹּ֣ל עָרֹ֔ם כָּל־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וְכָל־הַלָּ֑יְלָה עַל־כֵּן֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ הֲגַ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל בַּנְּבִיאִֽם: |
| And he too stripped off his clothes. his royal garments, to don the garments of the disciples. |
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ויפשט גם הוא בגדיו.
בגדי מלכות, ללבוש בגדי התלמידים:
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| And he fell naked. (Rashi’s commentary, as it appears in available editions, is very difficult, and probably erroneous. I should like to take the liberty to emend the text to read:) And he fell naked. Jonathan renders: ונפל ברשן, and in the name of Rabbi Menahem, who heard from an Arab, ברשן in Arabic means insane. |
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ויפול ערום.
ונפל ברשן, תרגם יונתן: ונפל ערטילאי. ובשם רבי מנחם ששמע מפי ערבי אחד: 'ברשן' בלשון ערבי משוגע:
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