ב"ה
Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day
Sanhedrin veha’Onashin haMesurin lahem - Chapter 19
Sanhedrin veha’Onashin haMesurin lahem - Chapter 19
1There are a total of 21 negative commandments1 that are punishable by Karait, but which are not punishable by execution by the court,2 for which lashes are administered. They are: 1) a person who has relations with his sister;3 2) ...with his father’s sister; 3) ...with his mother’s sister; 4) ...with the sister of his wife; 5) ...with his brother’s wife; 6) ...with the wife of the brother of his father; 7) ...with a woman in the niddah state; 8) a person who eats forbidden fat;4 9) ...blood;5 10) ...leaven on Passover;6 11) ...on Yom Kippur;7 12) a person who performs forbidden labor on Yom Kippur;8 13) a person who partakes of sacrificial meat after the designated time;9 14) ...of sacrificial meat disqualified as piggul;10 15) ...of sacrificial meat while ritually impure;11 16) a person who enters the Temple Courtyard while ritually impure;12 17) a person who slaughters a consecrated animal outside the Temple;13 18) a person who burns a consecrated animal as a sacrifice outside the Temple;14 19) a person who prepares the anointing oil for personal use;15 20) a person who anoints himself with the anointing oil for his own benefit;16 21) a person who prepares the incense offering for his personal use.17אכָּל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כָּרֵת וְאֵין בּוֹ מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין שֶׁלּוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֶן - אֶחָד וְעֶשְׂרִים. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: (א) הַבָּא עַל אֲחוֹתוֹ, (ב) וְעַל אֲחוֹת אָבִיו, (ג) וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, (ד) וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, (ה) וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, (ו) וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, (ז) וְעַל הַנִּדָּה, (ח) הָאוֹכֵל חֵלֶב, (ט) וְהָאוֹכֵל דָּם, (י) וְהָאוֹכֵל חָמֵץ בַּפֶּסַח, (יא) וְהָאוֹכֵל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, (יב) הָעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, (יג) הָאוֹכֵל נוֹתָר, (יד) וְהָאוֹכֵל פִּגּוּל, (טו) וְהַטָּמֵא שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׂר הַקֹּדֶשׁ, (טז) הַטָּמֵא שֶׁנִּכְנַס לָעֲזָרָה, (יז) הַשּׁוֹחֵט קֳדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ, (יח) הַמַּעֲלֶה קֳדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ, (יט) הַמְּפַטֵּם אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן, (כ) הַסָּךְ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה, (כא) הַמְּפַטֵּם אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת.
2There are a total of 18 negative commandments that are punishable by death by the hand of heaven,18 whose transgression involves a deed,19 for which lashes are administered. They are: 1) a person other than a priest20 who partakes of primary terumah whether it was ritually pure or ritually impure;21 2) a person other than a priest who partakes of terumat ma’aser;22 3) a person other than a priest who partakes of the first fruits after they entered Jerusalem;23 4) a person other than a priest who partakes of challah; 5) a person who partakes of tevel before the primary terumah and terumat ma’aser were separated from it;24בכָּל מְחֻיְּבֵי מִיתָה בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם שֶׁהֵן בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶן מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁלּוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֶן - שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: (א) זָר שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה, בֵּין טְהוֹרָה בֵּין טְמֵאָה, (ב) זָר שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, (ג) זָר שֶׁאָכַל בִּכּוּרִים אַחַר שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, (ד) זָר שֶׁאָכַל חַלָּה, (ה) הָאוֹכֵל טֶבֶל שֶׁלֹּא הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר,
6) a person who partakes of the product of dough from which challah was not separated;25 7) a priest who partakes of terumah that was ritually pure while he was in a state of ritual impurity;26 8) a priest who entered the Holy of Holies for a purpose other than sacrificial worship;27 9) a priest who departed from the Temple in the midst of the sacrificial worship;28 10) a Levite who performed the service of the priests;29(ו) הָאוֹכֵל מֵעִיסָה שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמָה חַלָּתָהּ, (ז) כוֹהֵן טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, (ח) כוֹהֵן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, שֶׁלֹּא לָעֲבוֹדָה, (ט) כוֹהֵן שֶׁיָּצָא מִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בִּשְׁעַת עֲבוֹדָה, (י) לֵוִי שֶׁעָבַד בַּעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹהֲנִים,
11) a person other than a priest who performs service in the Temple;30 12) a person who does not wear all the priestly garments; he is considered as if he is not a priest31 and receives lashes if he serves in the Temple;32 13) a priest who serves in the Temple while in a state of ritual impurity;33 14) a person who was intoxicated from wine who served in the Temple;34 15) a person who immersed himself to emerge from a state of ritual impurity but must still wait until the end of the day to attain a state of purity who served in the Temple;35 16) a priest who served in the Temple although he did not yet bring the required sacrifices to attain atonement;36 17) a person who let his hair grow long who served in the Temple;37 18) a person whose clothes are ripped who served in the Temple;38(יא) זָר שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, (יב) מְחֻסַּר בְּגָדִים - הֲרֵי הוּא כְּזָר, וְלוֹקֶה אִם עָבַד, (יג) כוֹהֵן טָמֵא שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ, (יד) שָׁתוּי שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ, (טו) טְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ, (טז) מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ, (יז) פְּרוּעַ רֹאשׁ שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ, (יח) קְרוּעַ בְּגָדִים שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ.
3When, however, a person serves in the Temple without sanctifying his hands and feet, although he is worthy of death,39 he does not receive lashes, because he has violated only a positive commandment.40 Similarly, the following three - a prophet who withheld his prophecy41 or transgressed his own prophecy42 and a person who violated the words of a prophet - although they all are worthy of death43 - they do not receive lashes. For their transgression stems from a positive commandment, as Deuteronomy 18:15 states: “And you shall listen to him.” In all contexts,44 a prohibition that stems from a positive commandment has the status of a positive commandment and lashes are not administered because of it.גאֲבָל הַמְּשַׁמֵּשׁ בְּלֹא קִדּוּשׁ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם - אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב מִיתָה, אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה. וְכֵן נָבִיא שֶׁכָּבַשׁ נְבוּאָתוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁעָבַר עַל דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְהָעוֹבֵר עַל דִּבְרֵי נָבִיא - אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּמִיתָה, אֵין לוֹקִין, שֶׁהֵן בָּאִין מִכְּלַל עֲשֵׂה, וַהֲרֵי הוּא כַּעֲשֵׂה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֵלָיו תִּשְׁמָעוּן" (דברים יח, טו); וְלָאו הַבָּא מִכְּלַל עֲשֵׂה - הֲרֵי הוּא כַּעֲשֵׂה, וְאֵין לוֹקִין עָלָיו.
4There are a total of 168 negative commandments that are neither punishable by Karait, nor by execution by the court, for which lashes are administered. They are: 1) a person who fashions an idol;45 2) a person who makes an image for artistic purposes;46 3) a person who turns to idolatry with any deed;47 4) a person who erects a monument;48 5) a person who plants a tree in the Temple;49 6) a person who places down an engraved stone on which to prostrate himself;50 7) a person who takes a vow in the name of a false divinity;51 8) a person who takes an oath in the name of a false divinity;52 9) a person who derives benefit from a false divinity;53 10) a person who rebuilds a city destroyed because it was swayed to idolatry;54 11) a person who benefits from the property of such a city;55 12) a person who follows the statutes of the gentiles;56 13) a diviner;57 14) an augurer;58 15) a reader of omens;59 16) a person who casts spells;60 17) a necromancer;61 18) a person who erases God’s name, or the like, e.g., he destroys a stone from the altar or destroys wood consecrated to the Sanctuary;62דכָּל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן כָּרֵת וְלֹא מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין שֶׁלּוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֶן - מֵאָה שְׁמוֹנָה וְשִׁשִּׁים. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: (א) הָעוֹשֶׂה צֶלֶם, (ב) הָעוֹשֶׂה צוּרָה לְנוֹי, (ג) הַפּוֹנֶה אֶל הָאֱלִילִים בְּאֶחָד מִן הַמַּעֲשִׂים, (ד) הַמֵּקִים מַצֵּבָה, (ה) הַנּוֹטֵעַ אִילָן בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, (ו) הַנּוֹתֵן אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית, (ז) הַנּוֹדֵר בְּשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, (ח) הַנִּשְׁבָּע בִּשְׁמָהּ, (ט) הַנֶּהֱנֶה בָּהּ, (י) הַבּוֹנֶה עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת, (יא) הַנֶּהֱנֶה מֵעִיר הַנִּדַּחַת, (יב) הָעוֹשֶׂה כְּחֻקּוֹת הַעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, (יג) הַקּוֹסֵם, (יד) הַמְּעוֹנֵן, (טו) הַמְּנַחֵשׁ, (טז) הַחוֹבֵר, (יז) הַדּוֹרֵשׁ אֶל הַמֵּתִים, (יח) הַמּוֹחֵק שֵׁם וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ, כְּגוֹן הוֹרֵס אֶבֶן מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אוֹ שׂוֹרֵף עֵץ מִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ,
19) a person who. extinguishes fire from the altar;63 20) a person who ascends the altar with steps;64 21) a person who enters the Temple Courtyard with impure garments;65 22) a zav66 and the like67 who enters the Temple Mount;68 23) a person who removes the staves of the ark;69 24) a person who removes the High Priest’s breastplate from his ephod;70 25) a person who tears the collar of the High Priest’s cloak;71 26) a person who offers anything else than the commanded offerings72 on the golden altar;73 27) a priest who enters the Sanctuary while not in the midst of sacrificial worship;74 28) a priest with a physical deformity who enters the Sanctuary;75 29) a priest with who enters the Sanctuary while intoxicated;76 30) a priest with a physical deformity who performs sacrificial worship;77(יט) וְהַמְּכַבֶּה אֵשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, (כ) הָעוֹלֶה עָלָיו בְּמַעֲלוֹת, (כא) הַנִּכְנָס לָעֲזָרָה בִּבְגָדִים טְמֵאִים, (כב) זָב וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְהַר הַבַּיִת, (כג) הַמֵּסִיר בַּדֵּי הָאֲרוֹן, (כד) הַמֵּזִיחַ חֹשֶׁן מֵעַל הָאֵפוֹד, (כה) הַקּוֹרֵעַ פִּי הַמְּעִיל, (כו) הַמַּקְרִיב עַל מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב, (כז) כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לַהֵיכָל, שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת עֲבוֹדָה, (כח) בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְשָׁם, (כט) שָׁתוּי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְשָׁם, (ל) בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ,
31) an uncircumcised priest who performs sacrificial worship;78 32) a priest who performs the tasks of the Levites;79 33) a priest who enters the Sanctuary with uncut hair;80 34) a priest who enters the Sanctuary with torn clothes;81(לא) עָרֵל שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ, (לב) כֹּהֵן שֶׁעָבַד בַּעֲבוֹדַת הַלְּוִיִּים, (לג) כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ פְּרוּעַ רֹאשׁ, (לד) כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ קְרוּעַ בְּגָדִים,
35) a person who consecrates an animal with a physical deformity;82 36) a person who slaughters such an animal as an offering;83 37) a person who sprinkles the blood of such animals on the altar;84 38) a person who burns the fats of such animals on the altar;85 39) a person who offers an animal with a physical deformity on behalf of gentile;86 40) a person who produces a blemish in a consecrated animal at the time the Temple is standing;87 41) a person who performs labor with consecrated animals;88 42) a person who shears consecrated animals;89 43) a person who makes a fire-offering of yeast or honey;90 44) a person who allows the remainder of the meal-offerings to leaven;91 45) a person who offers a sacrifice without salt;92 46) a person who offers a present given to a prostitute or an animal given in exchange for a dog;93 47) a person who adds oil to the meal-offering of a sinner;94 48) a person who adds frankincense to such an offering;95 49) a person who adds oil to the meal-offering of a sotah;96 50) a person who adds frankincense to such an offering;97(לה) הַמַּקְדִּישׁ בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, (לו) הַשּׁוֹחֲטָן, (לז) הַזּוֹרֵק דְּמֵיהֶן, (לח) הַמַּקְטִיר אֵמוּרֵיהֶן, (לט) הַמַּקְרִיב קָרְבְּנוֹת עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, (מ) הַמַּטִּיל מוּם בַּקֳּדָשִׁים בִּזְמַן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, (מא) הָעוֹבֵד בַּקֳּדָשִׁים, (מב) הַגּוֹזֵז אוֹתָן, (מג) הַמַּקְטִיר שְׂאוֹר אוֹ דְּבַשׁ, (מד) הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁיָרֵי מְנָחוֹת חָמֵץ, (מה) הַמַּקְרִיב בְּלֹא מֶלַח, (מו) הַמַּקְרִיב אֶתְנָן אוֹ מְחִיר, (מז) הַנּוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן עַל מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא, (מח) הַנּוֹתֵן עָלֶיהָ לְבוֹנָה, (מט) הַנּוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן בְּקָרְבַּן סוֹטָה, (נ) הַנּוֹתֵן עָלָיו לְבוֹנָה,
51) a person who separates the head of a bird brought as a sin offering from its trunk;98 52) a person who transfers the holiness of one animal to another;99 53) a person who partakes of sacrificial meat after it became ritually impure;100 54) a person who partakes of sacrifices that have been disqualified;101 55) a priest who partakes of the meat of sacrifices of the most sacred order outside the Temple courtyard;102 56) a non-priest who partakes of the meat of sacrifices of the most sacred order after their blood has been sprinkled on the altar;103 57) a non-priest who partakes of the meat of a firstborn animal;104 58) a daughter of a priest who married a non-priest who partakes of the breast and the foreleg given to the priests; this applies even after the death of her husband;105(נא) הַמַּבְדִּיל בְּחַטַּאת הָעוֹף, (נב) הַמֵּמֵר בְּקָדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ, (נג) הָאוֹכֵל בְּשַׂר קֹדֶשׁ שֶׁנִּטְמָא, (נד) הָאוֹכֵל מִפְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין, (נה) כֹּהֵן שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה, (נו) זָר שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים, אַחַר מַתַּן דָּמִים, (נז) זָר שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׂר בְּכוֹר, (נח) כּוֹהֶנֶת שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְזָר שֶׁאָכְלָה חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק, אַפִלּוּ לְאַחַר מִיתַת בַּעְלָהּ,
59) a chalalah106 who partakes of terumah;107 60) a person who partakes of sacrifices of lesser sanctity outside of Jerusalem;108 61) a person who partakes of sacrifices of lesser sanctity before their blood is sprinkled on the altar109 62) a person who partakes of an unblemished firstborn animal outside of Jerusalem;110 63) a person who partakes of the second tithe after it had entered Jerusalem once it had been taken outside Jerusalem again;111(נט) חֲלָלָה שֶׁאָכְלָה תְּרוּמָה, (ס) הָאוֹכֵל קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, (סא) הָאוֹכֵל קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים קֹדֶם זְרִיקַת דָּמִים, (סב) הָאוֹכֵל בְּכוֹר חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, (סג) הָאוֹכֵל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַחַר שֶׁרָאָה פְּנֵי הַבַּיִת, חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם,
64) a priest who partakes of the first fruits after they entered Jerusalem, but before they were placed down in the Temple Courtyard;112 65) a priest who partakes of the first fruits after they were placed down in the Temple Courtyard and were then taken outside Jerusalem again;113 66) a person who partakes of ma’aser sheni in Jerusalem after it became impure, before it was redeemed;114 67) a person who is ritually impure who partakes of ma’aser sheni which was pure in Jerusalem;115 68) a person who partakes of ma’aser sheni - and similarly, any other consecrated food116 - while in a state of acute mourning;117 69) an uncircumcised person who partakes of sacrificial meal or terumot;118 70) a person who partakes of a meal offering brought by a priest or any other sacrifice that should be totally consumed by the fire of the altar;119 71) a person who partakes of the meat of the sin-offerings that are burned and any other sacrifices that must be burnt;120(סד) כֹּהֵן שֶׁאָכַל בִּכּוּרִים מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם קֹדֶם הַנָּחָה בָּעֲזָרָה, (סה) כֹּהֵן שֶׁאָכַל בִּכּוּרִים חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם אַחַר שֶׁהֻנְּחוּ בָּעֲזָרָה, (סו) הָאוֹכֵל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּטְמָא קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּפָּדֶה, (סז) טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי הַטָּהוֹר בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, (סח) הָאוֹכֵל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּאֲנִינוּת, וְכֵן כָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים, (סט) עָרֵל שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׂר קֹדֶשׁ אוֹ תְּרוּמוֹת, (ע) הָאוֹכֵל מִמִּנְחַת כֹּהֵן, וְכֵן מִכָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא כָּלִיל לָאִשִּׁים, (עא) הָאוֹכֵל מִבְּשַׂר חַטָּאוֹת הַנִּשְׂרָפוֹת, וְכֵן מִכָּל הַטָּעוּן שְׂרֵפָה,
72) a person who slaughters the Paschal sacrifice while he possesses chametz;121 73) a person who breaks a bone from the Paschal sacrifice; this applies with regard to the first sacrifice122 or the second sacrifice;123 74) a person who removes meat from the Paschal sacrifice outside the company of people partaking of it;124 75) a person who partakes of meat from the Paschal sacrifice outside of that company;125 76) a person who partakes of meat from the Paschal sacrifice partially roasted or cooked;126 77) a person who purposely derives benefit from consecrated property;127(עב) הַשּׁוֹחֵט פֶּסַח עַל הֶחָמֵץ, (עג) הַשּׁוֹבֵר בּוֹ עֶצֶם, בֵּין בָּרִאשׁוֹן בֵּין בַּשֵּׁנִי, (עד) הַמּוֹצִיא מִבְּשָׂרוֹ חוּץ לַחֲבוּרָתוֹ, (עה) הָאוֹכֵל מִבְּשָׂרוֹ חוּץ לַחֲבוּרָתוֹ, (עו) הָאוֹכֵל מִבְּשָׂרוֹ נָא אוֹ מְבֻשָּׁל, (עז) הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ בְּמֵזִיד,
78) a person who partakes of tevel from which the tithes, even the tithe for the poor, has not been separated, even though the terumot have been separated;128 79) a person who partakes of the meat of an animal that was condemned to be stoned to death, even if the condemned animal was slaughtered correctly ;129(עח) הָאוֹכֵל טֶבֶל שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא הֻפְרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר, אַפִלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר עָנִי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּרְמוּ תְּרוּמוֹתָיו, (עט) הָאוֹכֵל מִבְּשַׂר נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה שֶׁנִּגְמַר דִּינָהּ לִסְקִילָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטָה,
80) a person who eats meat from a non-kosher animal;130 81) ...a non-kosher fowl;131 82) ...a non-kosher fish;132 83) a person who partakes of a flying teeming animal;133 84) ...an earthbound teeming animal;134 85) ...an aquatic teeming animal;135 86) ...an animal that crawls on the earth even though it does not reproduce;136 87) ...worms from fruit after they emerged from the fruit;137 88) a person who eats carrion;138 89) ...an animal that was critically injured;139 90) ...a limb from a living animal;140 91) ...the sciatic nerve;141 92) ...meat cooked with milk;142 93) a person who cooks meat with milk;143(פ) הָאוֹכֵל בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה, (פא) הָאוֹכֵל עוֹף טָמֵא, (פב) הָאוֹכֵל דָּג טָמֵא, (פג) הָאוֹכֵל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף, (פד) הָאוֹכֵל שֶׁרֶץ הָאָרֶץ, (פה) הָאוֹכֵל שֶׁרֶץ הַמַּיִם, (פו) הָאוֹכֵל רֶמֶשׂ הָאֲדָמָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָבֶה, (פז) הָאוֹכֵל תּוֹלָעִים שֶׁבַּפֵּרוֹת, אַחַר שֶׁפֵּרְשׁוּ, (פח) הָאוֹכֵל נְבֵלָה, (פט) הָאוֹכֵל טְרֵפָה, (צ) הָאוֹכֵל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, (צא) הָאוֹכֵל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה, (צב) הָאוֹכֵל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב, (צג) הַמְּבַשֵּׁל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב,
94) a person who partakes of fresh grain before the bringing of the omer;144 95) a person who partakes of orlah;145 96) a person who partakes of kilai hakerem;146 97) a person who partakes of chametz in a mixture on Pesach;147 98) ...after midday on the fourteenth of Nissan;148 99) a person who maintains possession of chametz on Pesach, e.g., he causes his dough to leaven;149 100) a person who drinks wine used as a libation for false deities;150 101) a nazarite who partakes of the products of the vine;151 102) ...cuts his hair,152 103) ...who contracts impurity imparted by a corpse;153 104) a person who shaves the hair next to a blemish of tzara’at154 105) a person who cuts off signs of tzara’at or removes them with fire;155 106) a person who tills a wadi where the neck of a calf was broken to atone for an unsolved murder;156(צד) הָאוֹכֵל מִתְּבוּאָה חֲדָשָׁה קֹדֶם הֲבָאַת הָעֹמֶר, (צה) הָאוֹכֵל עָרְלָה, (צו) הָאוֹכֵל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, (צז) הָאוֹכֵל תַּעֲרֹבֶת חָמֵץ בַּפֶּסַח, (צח) הָאוֹכֵל חָמֵץ אַחַר חֲצוֹת, (צט) הַמְּקַיֵּם חָמֵץ בַּפֶּסַח בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, כְּגוֹן שֶׁחִמֵּץ עִיסָתוֹ, (ק) הַשּׁוֹתֶה יֵין נֶסֶךְ, (קא) נָזִיר שֶׁאָכַל מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן, (קב) נָזִיר שֶׁגִּלַּח, (קג) נָזִיר שֶׁנִּטְּמָּא לַמֵּת, (קד) הַמְּגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַנֶּתֶק, (קה) הַחוֹתֵךְ סִימָנֵי צָרַעַת אוֹ שֶׁכְּוָאָן בָּאֵשׁ, (קו) הָעוֹבֵד בַּנַּחַל שֶׁנֶּעֶרְפָה בּוֹ הָעֶגְלָה,
107) a person who sows in Eretz Yisrael in the Sabbatical year;157 108) a person who trims a tree in the Sabbatical year;158 109) a person who reaps freely growing produce in the Sabbatical year without deviating from his ordinary pattern;159 110) a person who harvests fruit in the Sabbatical year without deviating from his ordinary pattern;160 111) a person who sows in the Jubilee year;161 112) a person who reaps in the Jubilee year without deviating from his ordinary pattern; 113) a person who harvests fruit in the Jubilee year without deviating from his ordinary pattern; 114) a person who destroys the produce from the corners of his harvest without giving it to a poor person;162(קז) הַזּוֹרֵעַ אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, (קח) הַזּוֹמֵר אֶת הָאִילָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, (קט) הַקּוֹצֵר סְפִיחַ בְּלֹא שִׁנּוּי, (קי) הַבּוֹצֵר בְּלֹא שִׁנּוּי, (קיא) הַזּוֹרֵעַ בִּשְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל, (קיב) הַקּוֹצֵר בָּהּ בְּלֹא שִׁנּוּי, (קיג) הַבּוֹצֵר בָּהּ בְּלֹא שִׁנּוּי, (קיד) הַמְּכַלֶּה פְּאַת שָׂדֶה וְלֹא נְתָנָהּ לֶעָנִי,
115) a person who collects the grapes that grow individually in his vineyard and does not give them to a poor person;163 116) a person who collects the grain that falls from the reapers and does not give it to a poor person;164 117) a person who collects the grapes that grow in underdeveloped clusters in his vineyard and does not give them to a poor person;165 118) a person who takes a forgotten sheaf and does not give it to a poor person;166 119) a person who takes a mother bird together with her young and does not send away the mother bird;167 120) a person who sows mixed species of seeds together while sowing in Eretz Yisrael;168 121) a person who sows mixed species in a vineyard in Eretz Yisrae; 169(קטו) הַמְּעוֹלֵל כַּרְמוֹ וְלֹא נְתָנוֹ לֶעָנִי, (קטז) הַמְּלַקֵּט לֶקֶט וְלֹא נְתָנוֹ לֶעָנִי, (קיז) הַמְּלַקֵּט פֶּרֶט כַּרְמוֹ וְלֹא נְתָנוֹ לֶעָנִי, (קיח) הַלּוֹקֵחַ עֹמֶר הַשִּׁכְחָה וְלֹא נְתָנוֹ לֶעָנִי, (קיט) הַלּוֹקֵחַ אֵם עַל הַבָּנִים וְלֹא שִׁלַּח הָאֵם, (קכ) הַזּוֹרֵעַ כִּלְאַיִם בָּאָרֶץ בִּזְרָעִים, (קכא) הַזּוֹרֵעַ כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם בָּאָרֶץ,
122) a person who grafts mixed species of trees; this prohibition applies in every place;170 123) a person who mates mixed species of animals; this prohibition applies in every place;171 124) a person who leads mixed species of animals; this prohibition applies in every place;172 125) a person who muzzles an animal while it is working; this prohibition applies in every place; 404 126) a person who slaughters an animal and its offspring on the same day; this prohibition applies in every place;173 127) a person who takes security from a colleague and does not return it to him when he requires it;174(קכב) הַמַּרְכִּיב אִילָנוֹת כִּלְאַיִם בְּכָל מָקוֹם, (קכג) הַמַּרְבִּיעַ בְּהֵמָה כִּלְאַיִם בְּכָל מָקוֹם, (קכד) הַמַּנְהִיג בְּכִלְאַיִם בְּכָל מָקוֹם, (קכה) הַחוֹסֵם בְּהֵמָה בְּעֵת מְלָאכָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם, (קכו) הַשּׁוֹחֵט אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם, (קכז) הַמְּמַשְׁכֵּן חֲבֵרוֹ בְּיָדוֹ וְלֹא הֶחֱזִיר הָעֲבוֹט,
128) a person who takes security from a widow and does not return it to her;175 129) a person who takes utensils used in the preparation of food as security;176 130) a lying witness who is not penalized financially;177 131) a person who strikes a colleague with a blow that does not require a p’rutah to be paid as compensation;178 132) a wayward and rebellious son after the first testimony was delivered against him;179(קכח) הַחוֹבֵל אַלְמָנָה וְלֹא הֶחֱזִיר הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן, (קכט) הַחוֹבֵל כֵּלִים שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ וְלֹא הֶחֱזִיר, (קל) עֵד זוֹמֵם שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ תַּשְׁלוּמִין, (קלא) הַמַּכֶּה חֲבֵרוֹ הַכָּאָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה, (קלב) בֵּן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה בְּעֵדוּת רִאשׁוֹנָה,
133) a person who spreads a libelous report about his wife who is discovered to have lied;180 134) a person who curses a colleague using God’s name;181 135) a person who takes a false oath182 136) a person who takes an unnecessary oath183 137) a person who abrogates his vow;184 138) a person who goes beyond the Sabbath limits on the Sabbath;185 139) a person who performs a forbidden labor on a festival;186 140) a person who removes the hair at the comer of his head; 141) a person who removes the hair at the corner of his beard;187 142) a person who gouges his flesh because of a person’s death;188 143) a person who shaves his head because of a person’s death;189 144) a person who tattoos himself;190 145) a person who wears shaatnez;191 146) a person who chops down a fruit tree for a destructive purpose;192 147) a man who wears the garments of a woman;193 148) a woman who wears the garments of a man;194 149) a priest who contracts impurity because of contact with a corpse;195(קלג) הַמּוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע שֶׁנִּמְצָא דְּבָרוֹ שֶׁקֶר, (קלד) הַמְּקַלֵּל חֲבֵרוֹ בַּשֵּׁם, (קלה) הַנִּשְׁבָּע לַשָּׁוְא, (קלו) הַנִּשְׁבָּע לַשֶּׁקֶר, (קלז) הַמְּחַלֵּל נִדְרוֹ, (קלח) הַיוֹצֵא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם בַּשַּׁבָּת, (קלט) הָעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, (קמ) הַמַּקִּיף פְּאַת רֹאשׁ, (קמא) הַמַּקִּיף פְּאַת זָקָן, (קמב) הַשּׂוֹרֵט עַל מֵת, (קמג) הַקּוֹרֵחַ רֹאשׁוֹ עַל מֵת, (קמד) הַכּוֹתֵב כְּתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע, (קמה) הַלּוֹבֵשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז, (קמו) הַקּוֹצֵץ אִילָנֵי מַאֲכַל דֶּרֶךְ הַשְׁחָתָה, (קמז) אִישׁ שֶׁלָּבַשׁ מַלְבּוּשֵׁי אִשָּׁה, (קמח) אִשָּׁה שֶׁלָּבְשָׁה מַלְבּוּשֵׁי אִישׁ, (קמט) כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּטְּמָּא לַמֵּת,
150) a priest who consecrates a woman classified as a zonah196 and has relations with her;197 151) a priest who consecrates a divorcee and has relations with her;198 152) a priest who consecrates a woman classified as a challalah199 and has relations with her;200 153) a High Priest who had relations with a widow even though he did not consecrate her;201(קנ) כֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ זוֹנָה וּבְעָלָהּ, (קנא) כֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ גְּרוּשָׁה וּבְעָלָהּ, (קנב) כֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ חֲלָלָה וּבְעָלָהּ, (קנג) כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּעַל אַלְמָנָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִדְּשָׁהּ,
154) a person who remarries his divorcee after she has been consecrated by another man;202 155) a person who marries a woman who is obligated to perform yibbum;203 156) a man who has relations with a woman outside the context of marriage;204 157) a mamzer205 who marries a native-born Jewess and has relations with her;206 158) a person with crushed testicles who marries a native-born Jewess and has relations with her;207 159) a person who castrates another man, or a male animal, beast, or fowl;208 160) a rapist who divorces his victim and does not remarry her;209 161) a person who spreads a libelous report about his wife, divorces her without remarrying her;210(קנד) הַמַחֲזִיר גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ אַחַר שֶׁנִּתְקַדְּשָׁה, (קנה) הַנּוֹשֵׂא זְקוּקָה לַיָּבָם, (קנו) הַבָּא עַל הַקְּדֵשָׁה, (קנז) מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָעַל, (קנח) פָּצוּעַ דַּכָּא שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָעַל, (קנט) הַמְּסָרֵס אִישׁ, וְכֵן שְׁאָר זִכְרֵי בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף, (קס) אוֹנֵס שֶׁגֵּרַשׁ אֲנוּסָתוֹ וְלֹא הֶחֱזִירהּ, (קסא) מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע שֶׁגֵּרַשׁ אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלֹא הֶחֱזִירהּ,
162) a person who enjoys intimacy with a woman forbidden him even though he did not engage in sexual relations; such a person is suspect of forbidden sexual activity;211 163) a person who marries out of the faith;212 164) an Ammonite convert who marries a native-born Jewess and had relations with her;213 165) a Moabite convert who marries a native-born Jewess and had relations with her;214 166) a king who takes more wives than allowed by the Torah;215 167) a king who acquires more horses than allowed by the Torah;216 168) a king who acquires more wealth than necessary;217(קסב) הַקָּרֵב אֶל הָעֲרָיוֹת בְּדֶרֶךְ מִדַּרְכֵי הַזְּנוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא גִּלָּה עֶרְוָה, וְזֶהוּ הֶחָשׁוּד עַל הָעֲרָיוֹת, (קסג) הַמִּתְחַתֵּן בַּעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, (קסד) גֵּר עַמּוֹנִי שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָעַל, (קסה) גֵּר מוֹאָבִי שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָעַל, (קסו) מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהִרְבָּה נָשִׁים, (קסז) מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהִרְבָּה סוּסִים, (קסח) מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהִרְבָּה כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב.
Thus there are a total of 207 violations which are punishable by lashes. An acronym for them is ילקו זדים The strangers will be lashed.218נִמְצְאוּ כָּל הַלּוֹקִים מָאתַיִם וְשִׁבְעָה, סִימָן לָהֶם: יִלְקוּ זֵדִים.
Footnotes
1.
The Rambam is not mentioning the number of negative commandments specifically, but rather the acts punishable by lashes. As will be explained, there are times when two acts are included in the same negative commandment, and other times when one deed will involve the transgression of two or more commandments (Ner Mitzvah).
2.
For if they are punishable by execution, a person is never punished by lashes for their transgression. This applies even if he is not executed and indeed, even if he was given a warning for lashes, rather than a warning for execution, as explained in Chapter 18, Halachah 2, and notes.
3.
This and the following six commandments are mentioned in Leviticus, Ch. 18, and in Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah. A person who has relations with his sister violates two negative commandments, for there is a separate commandment prohibiting relations with the daughter of one’s father (Ner Mitzvah).
4.
As forbidden by Leviticus 7:23; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 7:2.
5.
As forbidden by Leviticus 7:26; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 6:1. Derech Mitzvotecho questions why the Rambam does not mention in this chapter the prohibitions against partaking of blood that are not punishable by kerait, but which are punishable by lashes, as explained in Hilchot Ma’achalot As.rurot 6:4.
6.
As forbidden by Exodus 13:3; Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 1:1.
7.
As forbidden by Leviticus 23:29; Hilchot Sh’vitat Esor 1:4.
8.
As forbidden by Leviticus 23:25; Hilchot Sh’vitat Esor 1:1.
9.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:8; Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim 18:10.
10.
As forbidden by Leviticus 7:18; Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim 18:6.
11.
As forbidden by Leviticus 7:20; Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim 18:13.
12.
As forbidden by Numbers 5:3; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 3:12.
13.
As forbidden by Leviticus 17:3-4; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:2.
14.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 12:13; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:3.
15.
As forbidden by Exodus 30:32; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 1:4.
16.
As forbidden by Exodus 30:32; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 1:5.
17.
As forbidden by Exodus 30:37; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 2:9.
18.
Like transgressions punishable by Karait, violation of these transgressions causes a person to die prematurely. Unlike Karait, however, such transgressors receive atonement through their death [the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (Sanhedrin 9:6)].
19.
I.e., there are transgressions which warrant this punishment that do not involve a deed. Lashes are not, however, given for such transgressions, as stated in Chapter 18, Halachah 2.
20.
By using this term, the Rambam includes two negative commandments [Sefer HaMitzvot (negative commandments 133-134)], the prohibition against an Israelite partaking of terumah and the prohibition against a worker or a servant of a priest partaking of it.
21.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:9-10; Hilchot Terumot 6:6.
22.
This and the following two prohibitions are included in the prohibition mentioned in Leviticus 22:9-10. The Lechem Mishneh explains that even though this prohibition includes these four substances, it is not considered as being general in nature (and hence, not punishable by lashes as stated in Chapter 18, Halachah 2), because all of these substances are called terumah.
23.
See Hilchot Bikurim 3:1.
24.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:15; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:3.
25.
See Hilchot Bikkurim 8:5. The dough is also considered tevel and forbidden, because of the prohibition mentioned in the previous note.
26.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:4; Hilchot Terumot 7:1.
27.
As forbidden by Leviticus 16:2; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 10:19. See also Halachah 4, prohibition 27.
28.
As forbidden by Leviticus 10:7; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 2:5.
29.
As forbidden by Numbers 18:3; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 3:11.
30.
As forbidden by Numbers 18:4; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 9:1.
31.
Sanhedrin 83b derives this concept from the exegesis of Exodus 29:9.
32.
Hence he is included in the above prohibition. See Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 10:4.
33.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:2; Hilchot Bi'at HaMikdash 4:1. See Chapter 18, Halachah 6, which states that such a person would not be brought to court for lashes. Instead, he would be killed by the young priests.
34.
As forbidden by Leviticus 10:9; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 1:1.
35.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:6; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 4:4.
36.
As forbidden by Leviticus 15:13-15. See the Radbaz and the Kessef Mishneh who cite Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 4:4 where the Rambam states that a person who commits this transgression is not liable for punishment. For this reason, the Maharik states that the wording here should be “a person who wears additional garments.” See Hilchot K’lei HaMikdash 10:5.
37.
As forbidden by Leviticus 10:6; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 1:8.
38.
As forbidden by Leviticus 10:6; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 1:14.
39.
At the hand of God.
40.
Exodus 30:21 states: “They shall wash their hands and feet so that they do not die.” Implied is that if a priest does not wash his hands, he will receive that punishment. There is, however, no explicit negative commandment warning one not to do so. See Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 9:10-11.
41.
E.g., the prophet Jonah who tried to flee to Tarshish rather than deliver his prophecy against Nineveh. See Jonah,. Ch. 1.
42.
E.g., Ido, the prophet, who was commanded to prophesy against the altar established by Jeroboam. God told him not to eat or drink until he returned. He disobeyed this command, and was therefore slain by a lion (I Kings, Ch. 13).
43.
As Deuteronomy 18:19 states: “And a person who will not heed My words which he speaks in My name, I will seek [retribution] from him.” See Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah 9:2-3.
44.
See, for example, Hilchot Ishut 1:8 with regard to the prohibitions against marrying Egyptian and Edomite converts.
45.
As forbidden by Exodus 20:4 and Leviticus 19:4. As explained in Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 3:9, the first prohibition applies when a person fashions an idol for himself. The second when he makes an idol for a gentile without the intent of worshipping it himself.
46.
As forbidden by Exodus 20:23; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 3:10.
47.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:4; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 2:3.
48.
Even for the worship of God. This is forbidden by Deuteronomy 16:22; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 6:6.
49.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 16:21; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 6:9.
50.
Even for the sake of heaven, as forbidden by Leviticus 26:1; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 6:6.
51.
As forbidden by Exodus 23:13; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 5:11.
52.
This is forbidden by the prohibition mentioned in the previous note. The Lechem Mishneh questions why lashes are given, for seemingly these are prohibitions that do not involve a deed.
53.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 7:26; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 7:2. As mentioned in Hilchot Avodat Kochavim, loc. cit., a person who benefits from a false divinity also violates prohibition 11 and is given lashes on both counts.
54.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 13:17; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 4:8.
55.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 13:18; Hilchot A vodat Koch.avim 4:7.
56.
As forbidden by Leviticus 20:23; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:1.
57.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 18:10; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:6. See Chapter 18:3 which explains why this and the following prohibitions are not considered as prohibitions of a general nature.
58.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 18:10; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:8.
59.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:26; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:4.
60.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 18:10; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:10.
61.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 18:10; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:13.
62.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 12:3-4. Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah 6:1 discusses the prohibition against erasing God’s name. Ibid.:7 discusses the extension of the principle to include stones from the altar and wood consecrated to the Sanctuary.
63.
As forbidden by Leviticus 6:6; Hilchot Temidim UMusafim 2:6.
64.
As forbidden by Exodus 20:23; Hilchot Beit HaBechirah 1:17.
65.
As forbidden by Leviticus 17:16; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 3:16-17.
66.
A urological condition which produces a secretion similar to that which results from gonorrhea.
67.
I.e., a zavah, a woman in the niddah state, or a woman who has given birth. In all these instances, the ritual impurity is a result of a physical condition.
68.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 23:11; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 3:3-4. The commentaries note that as stated in Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 3:8, a metzora who enters Jerusalem is also worthy of receiving lashes. They question why the Rambam does not mention this prohibition here.
69.
As forbidden by Exodus 25:15; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 2:13.
70.
As forbidden by Exodus 28:28; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 9:10.
71.
As forbidden by Exodus 28:32; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 9:3. As explained in that source, this prohibition also applies to the other priestly garments.
72.
I.e., anything other than incense and the blood from the bull and the goat that was brought into the Holy of Holies.
73.
As forbidden by Exodus 30:9; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 2:11.
74.
As forbidden by Leviticus 16:2; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 2:4. As mentioned in the notes to Halachah 2, this same prohibition forbids the High Priest from entering the Holy of Holies, except during the sacrificial worship.
75.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:23; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 6:1. As the latter source states, this prohibition also applies if such a priest proceeds beyond the altar in the Temple Courtyard.
76.
As forbidden by Leviticus 10:9; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 1:1-2.
77.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:17; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 6:1.
78.
As forbidden by Leviticus 44:9; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 6:8.
79.
As forbidden by Numbers 18:3; Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 3:11.
80.
As forbidden by Leviticus 10:6; Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 1:16.
81.
As forbidden by the above sources. As mentioned in Halachah 2, if a priest performs sacrificial service with torn clothes, he is worthy of death at the hand of God.
82.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:20; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 1:2.
83.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:22; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 1:4.
84.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:24; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach, loc. cit..
85.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:22; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 1:4.
86.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:25; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 1:6.
87.
This prohibition is derived from the exegesis of Leviticus 22:21; see Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 1:7-8.
88.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 15:19; Hilchot Me’ilah 1:7.
89.
As forbidden by the above sources.
90.
As forbidden by Leviticus 2:11 ; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 5:1. If a person offers both these forbidden substances at one time, he receives only one set of lashes, because they are both mentioned in the same prohibition.
91.
As forbidden by Leviticus 6:10; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 1:6.
92.
As forbidden by Leviticus 2:13; Hilchot Issurei HaMizbeach 5:11.
93.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 23:19; Hilchot Issurei HaMizbeach 3:7, 4:8. In this instance as well, since the prohibition against these two subjects is mentioned in the same verse, if a person violates them both at the same time, he receives only one set of lashes.
94.
As forbidden by Leviticus 5:11; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 12:7.
95.
As forbidden by Leviticus 5:11; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 12:8.
96.
As forbidden by Numbers 5:15; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 12:7-8.
97.
As forbidden by the above sources.
98.
As forbidden by Leviticus 5:8; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 7:6.
99.
As forbidden by Leviticus 27:10; Hilchot Temurah 1:1.
100.
As forbidden by Leviticus 7:19; Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim 18:12.
101.
This prohibition is also included in the warning of Deuteronomy 14:3; see Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim 18:3-5.
102.
Makkot 17a derives this prohibition from Deuteronomy 12:17; see Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbonot 11:5.
103.
As forbidden by Exodus 29:33; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 7:8.
104.
Such animals must be offered as sacrifices and their meat given to the priests. The prohibition is stated in Deuteronomy 12:17; Hilchot Bechorot 1:16.
105.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:12; Hilchot Terumot 6:7.
106.
A woman born from relations forbidden to a priest, or a woman who is forbidden to a priest who has relations with one.
107.
This prohibition is also inferred from the above verse. See Hilchot Terumot, loc. cit..
108.
As inferred from Deuteronomy 12:17; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 11:5.
109.
This prohibition is also derived from the above verse; see Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 4:5.
110.
This prohibition is also derived from the above verse; see Hilchot Bechorot 1:16.
111.
This prohibition is also derived from the above verse; see Hilchot Ma’aser Sheni 2:5-6.
112.
This prohibition is also derived from the above verse; see Hilchot Bikkurini 3:3-4.
113.
This prohibition is also derived from the above verse; see Hilchot Bikkurim 3:3.
114.
As inferred from Deuteronomy 26:14; Hilchot Ma’aser Sheni 3:1.
115.
This prohibition is also derived from the same sources.
116.
See Leviticus 10:19.
117.
This prohibition is also derived from the same verse; see Hilchot Ma’aser Sheni 3:5-7.
118.
Yevamot 70a derives this prohibition from Exodus 12:48. See Hilchot Terumot 7:10, Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 10:9, and Hilchot Korban Pesach 9:8.
119.
As forbidden by Leviticus 6:16; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 11:3.
120.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:23; Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot, loc. cit.
121.
As forbidden by Exodus 23:18; Hilchot Korban Pesach 1:5.
122.
Brought on the fourteenth of Nisan.
123.
Brought on the fourteenth of Iyar by a person who did not bring a sacrifice in Nisan.
This prohibition is forbidden by Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12; Hilchot Korban Pesach 6:1.
124.
As forbidden by Exodus 12:46; Hilchot Korban Pesach 9:1.
125.
This prohibition is derived from Exodus 22:30. Although that verse speaks about other subjects entirely, this prohibition is also included. See Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 5:9, Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 11:6, and Hilchot Korban Pesach 9:2.
126.
As forbidden by Exodus 12:9; Hilchot Korban Pesach 8:6. See Chapter 18:3 which explains that if a person violates both of these prohibitions at the same time, he receives only one set of lashes.
127.
This prohibition is also derived from Deuteronomy 12:17; see Hilchot Meilah 1:3.
128.
A person who partakes of food from which the terumot have not been separated, by contrast, is liable for death at the hand of heaven as mentioned in Halachah 2. The prohibition against partaking of food from which tithes have not been separated is also derived from Deuteronomy, loc. cit.. See Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 10:20-21.
129.
As forbidden by Exodus 21:25; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 4:22.
130.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 14:6-8; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:1-2.
131.
As forbidden by Leviticus 11:13; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:4.
132.
As forbidden by Leviticus 11:11; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:4.
133.
E.g., a fly or a mosquito; as forbidden by Deuteronomy 14:19; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:5-6.
134.
E.g., snakes, scorpions; as forbidden by Leviticus 11:29, 41; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:6.
135.
I.e., any aquatic animal that is not a fish; as forbidden by Leviticus 11:43; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:12.
136.
But rather comes into being from filth; as forbidden by Leviticus 11:44; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assuroi 2:13.
137.
This refers to worms that come into being from fruit as it decays. While they are in the fruit, they may be eaten. After they emerge, they are forbidden, as stated by Leviticus 11:42; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 2:14.
138.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 14:21; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 4:1.
139.
As forbidden by Exodus 22:30; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 4:6.
140.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 12:23; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 4:10, 5:1 -3.
141.
As forbidden by Genesis 32:33; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 8:2.
142.
As forbidden by Exodus 23:19; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 9:1-2.
143.
As forbidden by Exodus 34:26; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot, loc. cit..
144.
As forbidden by Leviticus 23:14; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 10:2. As explained in that source, there are three different negative commandments involved.
145.
Fruit which grows within three years of a tree’s being planted; as forbidden by Leviticus 19:23; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 10:10-11.
146.
Grain or vegetables that grow in a vineyard; as forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:9; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 10:7.
147.
As forbidden by Exodus 12:20; Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 1:6.
148.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 16:3; Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 1:8. A person who partakes of chametz on Pesach itself is liable for kerait, as stated in Halachah 1.
149.
As forbidden by Exodus 12:19; Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 1:2-3. There are two prohibitions involved in possessing chametz and the person is worthy for lashes for violating each of them.
This refers to grain products that we caused to leaven on Pesach itself. If, however, a person leaves chametz in his possession before the beginning of the holiday, he violates these prohibitions, but is not punished by lashes.
150.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 32:38; Hilchot Ma’achalot Assurot 11:1-2.
151.
As forbidden by Numbers 6:3-4; Hilchot Nazirut 1:2;5:2-3. Included by this wording are five negative commandments, as explained in those sources.
152.
As forbidden by Numbers 6:5; Hilchot Nazirut 5:11.
153.
As forbidden by Numbers 6:7; Hilchot Nazirut 5:15-18. Included by this wording are two negative commandments, as explained in those sources.
154.
As forbidden by Leviticus 13:33; Hilchot Tuma’at Tzara’at 10:1.
155.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 24:8; Hilchot Tuma’at Tzara’at, loc. cit.
156.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 21:4; Hilchot Rotzeach 10:9.
157.
As forbidden by Leviticus 25:4; Hilchot Shemitah ViYovel 1:1-2.
158.
As forbidden by Leviticus 25:4; Hilchot Shemitah ViYovel 1:2-3.
159.
As forbidden by Leviticus 25:5; Hilchot Shemitah ViYovel 5:1.
160.
As forbidden by Leviticus 25:5; Hilchot Shemitah ViYovel 4:22-23.
161.
As forbidden by Leviticus 25:11; Hilchot Shemitah ViYovel 10:16.
162.
As forbidden by Leviticus 23:22; Hilchot Matnot Aniyim 1:3. If, however, the produce is not destroyed, the violator may correct his transgression and avoid lashes by giving that produce to the poor, as stated in Chapter 18, Halachah 2. Similar concepts apply with regard to the next six transgressions the Rambam mentions.
163.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:10; Hilchot Matanot Aniyim 4:17-18.
164.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:9; Hilchot Matanot Aniyim 1:4.
165.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:10; Hilchot Matanot Aniyim 4:16.
166.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 24:19; Hilchot Matanot Aniyim 1:6.
167.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:6; Hilr:hot Shechitah 13:1.
168.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:19; Hilchot Kelayim 1:1-3.
169.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:9; Hilchot Kelayim 5:1.
170.
As forbidden by the above verse; Hilchot Kelayim 1:5.
171.
As forbidden by the above verse; Hilchot Kelayim 9:1.
172.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:10; Hilchot Kelayim 9:7-8.
173.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:28; Hilchot Shechitah 12:1.
174.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 24:12; Hilchot Malveh V’Loveh 3:5.
175.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 24:17; Hilchot Malveh V’Loveh 3:1.
176.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 24:6; Hilchot Malveh V’Loveh 3:2.
177.
As forbidden by Exodus 20:15; Hilchot Edut 20:8-9. If, however, there is a financial penalty, he is required to make financial reimbursement and does not receive lashes. This applies with regard to the following halachah as well. See Chapter 18, Halachah 2.
178.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 25:3; Hilchot Sanhedrin 16:12.
179.
As mentioned by Deuteronomy 21:18; Hilchot Mamrim 7:1,7.
180.
As mentioned by Deuteronomy 22:18; Hilchot Na’arah Betulah 3:1,6.
181.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:14; Hilchot Sanhedrin 26:1. Included in this are also the prohibitions against cursing a judge and cursing a nasi.
182.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:12; Hilchot Sh’vuot 1:2-3.
183.
As forbidden by Exodus 20:6; Hilchot Sh’vuot 1:4-7.
184.
As forbidden by Numbers 30:3; Hilchot Nedarim 1:5.
185.
As forbidden by Exodus 16:29; Hilchot Shabbat 27:1.
186.
As forbidden by Exodus 12:18; Hilchot Sh’vitat Yom Tov 1:1-2. There is a separate prohibition, forbidding the performance of work on each of the festivals.
187.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:27; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:1,6.
188.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:25; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:12.
189.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 14:1; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:15.
190.
As forbidden by Leviticus 19:28; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:11.
191.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:11; Hilchot Kelayim 10:30.
192.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 20:19; Hilchot Melachim 6:8.
193.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:5; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:10.
194.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:5; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:10.
195.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:1; Hilchot Eivel 3:1-3. As explained in these sources, by contracting ritual impurity, a priest violates three prohibitions. Each one is punishable by lashes.
196.
This term is defined as referring to any woman who is not a native-born Jewess or who has engaged in sexual relations with a man whom she is forbidden to marry.
197.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:7; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 17:1-2.
198.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:7; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 17:1-2.
199.
This term is defined as referring to any woman who was forbidden to a priest and afterwards had relations with a priest or a woman fathered by a priest through relations that are forbidden to him.
200.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:7; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 17:1-2.
201.
As forbidden by Leviticus 21:15; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 17:3.
202.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 24:4; Hilchot Gerushin 11:12.
203.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 25:5; Hilchot Yibbum 2:18. Yibbum refers to a person's marriage to the childless widow of his deceased brother.
204.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 23:18; Hilchot Ishut 1:4.
205.
A person born from an adulterous or incestuous relationship.
206.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 23:3; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 1:2. The Ra’avad questions why marriage is mentioned. Seemingly, the prohibition is violated by any sexual relations, within or without the context of marriage. In his gloss to Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 15:2, the Maggid Mishneh quotes a responsa attributed to the Rambam which deals with this question.
207.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 23:2; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 16:1-3.
208.
As forbidden by Leviticus 22:24; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 16:9-10.
209.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:29; Hilchot Na’arah Betulah 1:7.
210.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 22:19; Hilchot Na’arah Betulah 3:4.
211.
As forbidden by Leviticus 18:6; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 21:1-2.
212.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 7:3; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 12:1.
213.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 23:4; Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 12:17.
214.
This prohibition is mentioned in the same sources.
215.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 17:17; Hilchot Melachim 3:2.
216.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 17:16; Hilchot Melachim 3:3.
217.
As forbidden by Deuteronomy 17:17; Hilchot Melachim 3:4.
218.
This acronym is found in the manuscript copies of the Mishneh Torah indicating it was included by the Rambam himself.
Rabbi Eliyahu Touger is a noted author and translator, widely published for his works on Chassidut and Maimonides.
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