| 1A maskil of Ethan the Ezrahite. |
|
אמַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאֵיתָ֥ן הָֽאֶזְרָחִֽי: |
| of Ethan the Ezrahite. He, too, was one of the five musician brothers. [See above 88:1.] But our Sages (B.B. 15a) explained it as referring to our father Abraham, based on (Isa. 41:2): “Who aroused from the East (ממזרח).” |
|
לאיתן האזרחי.
גם הוא אחד מן חמשה אחים המשוררי', ורבותינו פירשוהו באברה' אבינו על שם מי העיר ממזרח:
|
| 2The kindnesses of the Lord I shall sing forever; to generation after generation I shall make known Your faithfulness, with my mouth. |
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בחַֽסְדֵּ֣י יְ֖הֹוָה עוֹלָ֣ם אָשִׁ֑ירָה לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֓ר | אוֹדִ֖יעַ אֱמוּנָֽתְךָ֣ בְּפִֽי: |
| I shall make known Your faithfulness, with my mouth. What I know of You: that You keep Your promise and fulfill Your words. |
|
אודיע אמונתך בפי.
את שידעתיך שאתה שומר הבטחתך ומאמין דבריך:
|
| 3For I said, "Forever will it be built with kindness; as the heavens, with which You will establish Your faithfulness." |
|
גכִּֽי־אָמַ֗רְתִּי ע֖וֹלָם חֶ֣סֶד יִבָּנֶ֑ה שָׁמַ֓יִם | תָּכִ֖ן אֱמוּנָֽתְךָ֣ בָהֶֽם: |
| For I said, “Forever will it be built with kindness”. For I said, “Forever the throne of David will be built with kindness,” as it is said (II Sam. 7:13): “and I shall establish the throne of his kingdom, etc.” Another explanation: I thought that the world would be built with Your kindness and that You would establish Your faithfulness in the heavens, to be established and made permanent. Now what is the faithfulness? That promise You promised David through Nathan the prophet, saying, “I formed a covenant with My chosen one to establish his seed until eternity.” |
|
כי אמרתי עולם חסד יבנה.
כי אמרתי עד עולם יבנה בחסד כסא דוד כמ"ש (שמואל ב ז׳:י״ג) והכינותי כסא ממלכתו וגו', ד"א סבור הייתי שיהא העולם בנוי בחסדך ותכין אמונתך בשמים שתהא נכונה ומקוימת ומה היא האמונה אותה ההבטחה שהבטחת את דוד ע"י נתן הנביא לאמר כרתי ברית לבחירי להכין עד עולם זרעו (שם):
|
| 4I formed a covenant with My chosen one; I swore to David My servant. |
|
דכָּרַ֣תִּי בְ֖רִית לִבְחִירִ֑י נִ֜שְׁבַּ֗עְתִּי לְדָוִ֥ד עַבְדִּֽי: |
| 5Until eternity, I shall establish your seed, and I shall build your throne for all generations forever. |
|
העַד־ע֖וֹלָם אָכִ֣ין זַרְעֶ֑ךָ וּבָנִ֨יתִי לְדֹֽר־וָד֖וֹר כִּסְאֲךָ֣ סֶֽלָה: |
| 6And the heavens acknowledge Your wonder, O Lord, also Your faithfulness in the congregation of holy ones. |
|
ווְיוֹד֣וּ שָׁ֖מַיִם פִּלְאֲךָ֣ יְהֹוָ֑ה אַף־אֱ֜מוּנָֽתְךָ֗ בִּקְהַ֥ל קְדֹשִֽׁים: |
| And the heavens acknowledge Your wonder. If You had kept Your promise. |
|
ויודו שמים פלאך.
אם היית שומר הבטחתך:
|
| and Your faithfulness in the congregation of the holy ones. The realization of Your words they will acknowledge in the congregation of the holy ones. |
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אף אמונתך.
אמונת דבריך יודו בקהל קדושים:
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| 7For who in the heavens is equal to the Lord? [Who] resembles the Lord among the sons of the mighty? |
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זכִּ֚י מִ֣י בַ֖שַּׁחַק יַֽעֲרֹ֣ךְ לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה יִדְמֶ֥ה לַֽ֜יהֹוָ֗ה בִּבְנֵ֥י אֵלִֽים: |
| is equal to the Lord. Can be evaluated like Him. |
|
יערוך לה'.
יהא נערץ כמותו:
|
| 8God is revered in the great council of the holy ones and feared by all around Him. |
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חאֵ֣ל נַֽ֖עֲרָץ בְּסוֹד־קְדֹשִׁ֣ים רַבָּ֑ה וְ֜נוֹרָ֗א עַל־כָּל־סְבִיבָֽיו: |
| in the great council of the holy ones. In the great council of the angels. |
|
בסוד קדושים רבה.
בסוד רב של מלאכים:
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| 9O Lord, God of Hosts, who is like You, O Yah, Who are mighty? And Your faithfulness surrounds You. |
|
טיְהֹוָ֨ה | אֱלֹ֘הֵ֚י צְבָא֗וֹת מִֽי־כָמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין | יָ֑הּ וֶֽ֜אֱמוּנָֽתְךָ֗ סְבִֽיבוֹתֶֽיךָ: |
| 10You rule over the pride of the sea; when it raises its waves, You humble them. |
|
יאַתָּ֣ה מ֖וֹשֵׁל בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם בְּשׂ֥וֹא גַ֜לָּ֗יו אַתָּ֥ה תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם: |
| when it raises its waves. When its waves are raised. |
|
בשוא גליו.
בהנשא גליו:
|
| You humble them. Heb. תשבחם, You humble them, and similarly, (Prov. 29:11): “but afterwards a wise man will quiet it (ושבחנה);” and similarly (above 65:8): “Who humbles (משביח) the roaring of the seas.” |
|
אתה תשבחם.
תשפילם וכן (משלי כ״ט:י״א) וחכם באחור ישבחנה (וכן לעיל סה) משביח שאון ימים:
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| 11You crushed Rahab like one slain; with the arm of Your might You scattered Your enemies. |
|
יאאַתָּ֚ה דִכִּ֣אתָ כֶֽחָלָ֣ל רָ֑הַב בִּזְר֥וֹעַ עֻ֜זְּךָ֗ פִּזַּ֥רְתָּ אֽוֹיְבֶֽיךָ: |
| Rahab. Egypt. |
|
רהב.
מצרים:
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| 12The heaven is Yours, even the earth is Yours; the inhabited earth and the fullness thereof-You founded them. |
|
יבלְךָ֣ שָׁ֖מַיִם אַף־לְךָ֣ אָ֑רֶץ תֵּבֵ֥ל וּ֜מְלֹאָ֗הּ אַתָּ֥ה יְסַדְתָּֽם: |
| 13North and south-You created them; Tabor and Hermon sing praises in Your name. |
|
יגצָפ֣וֹן וְ֖יָמִין אַתָּ֣ה בְרָאתָ֑ם תָּב֥וֹר וְ֜חֶרְמ֗וֹן בְּשִׁמְךָ֥ יְרַנֵּֽנוּ: |
| 14You have an arm with might; Your hand is mighty, Your right hand is high. |
|
ידלְךָ֣ זְ֖רוֹעַ עִם־גְּבוּרָ֑ה תָּעֹ֥ז יָֽ֜דְךָ֗ תָּר֥וּם יְמִינֶֽךָ: |
| 15Righteousness and judgment are the basis of Your throne; kindness and truth come before Your countenance. |
|
טוצֶ֣דֶק וּ֖מִשְׁפָּט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ חֶ֥סֶד וֶֽ֜אֱמֶ֗ת יְֽקַדְּמ֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ: |
| 16Fortunate is the people that know the blasting of the shofar; O Lord, may they walk in the light of Your countenance. |
|
טזאַשְׁרֵ֣י הָ֖עָם יֹֽדְעֵ֣י תְרוּעָ֑ה יְ֜הֹוָ֗ה בְּאֽוֹר־פָּנֶ֥יךָ יְהַלֵּכֽוּן: |
| that know the blasting of the shofar. Who know how to appease their Creator on Rosh Hashanah with the blasts, upon which they arrange the blessings of “malchuyoth” (manifestations of God’s dominion), “zichronoth” (remembrances), and “shofaroth.” |
|
יודעי תרועה.
שיודעין לרצות את בוראם בראש השנה בתרועה שמסדרים עליה מלכיות זכרונות ושופרות:
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| 17With Your name they rejoice every day, and with Your righteousness they are exalted. |
|
יזבְּשִׁמְךָ יְגִיל֣וּן כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם וּבְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֥ יָרֽוּמוּ: |
| 18For You are the glory of their might, and with Your favor our horns will be raised. |
|
יחכִּֽי־תִפְאֶ֣רֶת עֻזָּ֣מוֹ אָ֑תָּה וּ֜בִרְצֽוֹנְךָ֗ תָּר֥וּם (כתיב תָּר֥יּם) קַרְנֵֽנוּ: |
| and with Your favor. that You are appeased by them (apayement in Old French), propitiation. |
|
וברצונך.
שאתה מתרצה להם אפימאנ"ט בלע"ז:
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| 19For our shield is [devoted] to the Lord, and our king to the Holy One of Israel. |
|
יטכִּ֣י לַֽיהֹוָ֥ה מָֽגִנֵּ֑נוּ וְלִקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְכֵּֽנוּ: |
| 20Then You spoke in a vision to Your pious ones, and You said, "I placed help on a mighty man; I lifted up a chosen one from the people. |
|
כאָ֚ז דִּבַּ֪רְתָּ בְחָ֡זוֹן לַֽחֲסִידֶ֗יךָ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שִׁוִּ֣יתִי עֵ֖זֶר עַל־גִּבּ֑וֹר הֲרִימ֖וֹתִי בָח֣וּר מֵעָֽם: |
| to Your pious ones. Nathan the prophet and Gad the seer. |
|
לחסידיך.
נתן הנביא וגד החוזה:
|
| “I placed help”. on David, to help him constantly. |
|
שויתי עזר.
על דוד לעזור לו תמיד:
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| 21I found David My servant, I anointed him with My holy oil. |
|
כאמָצָאתִי דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֑י בְּשֶׁ֖מֶן קָדְשִׁ֣י מְשַׁחְתִּֽיו: |
| 22With whom My hand will be established, even My arm will strengthen him. |
|
כבאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָ֖דִי תִּכּ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ אַף־זְרוֹעִ֥י תְאַמְּצֶֽנּוּ: |
| 23No enemy will exact from him, neither will an unjust person afflict him. |
|
כגלֹֽא־יַשִּׁ֣יא אוֹיֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וּבֶן־עַ֜וְלָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְעַנֶּֽנּוּ: |
| No enemy will exact from him. No enemy will overwhelm him to become as his creditor. |
|
לא ישיא אויב בו.
לא יגבור עליו להיות לו כנושה:
|
| 24And I shall crush his adversaries from before him, and I shall strike his enemies. |
|
כדוְכַתּוֹתִ֣י מִפָּנָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו וּמְשַׂנְאָ֥יו אֶגּֽוֹף: |
| 25My faithfulness and My kindness will be with him, and with My name his horn will be raised. |
|
כהוֶֽאֱמֽוּנָתִ֣י וְחַסְדִּ֣י עִמּ֑וֹ וּ֜בִשְׁמִ֗י תָּר֥וּם קַרְנֽוֹ: |
| 26I shall place his hand over the sea, and his right hand over the rivers. |
|
כווְשַׂמְתִּ֣י בַיָּ֣ם יָד֑וֹ וּבַנְּהָר֥וֹת יְמִינֽוֹ: |
| 27He will call to Me, 'You are my Father, my God, and the Rock of my salvation.' |
|
כזה֣וּא יִ֖קְרָאֵנִי אָ֣בִי אָ֑תָּה אֵ֜לִ֗י וְצ֣וּר יְשֽׁוּעָתִֽי: |
| 28I, too, shall make him a firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth. |
|
כחאַף־אָ֖נִי בְּכ֣וֹר אֶתְּנֵ֑הוּ עֶ֜לְי֗וֹן לְמַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ: |
| shall make him a firstborn. I shall make him great. |
|
בכור אתנהו.
גדול אתנהו:
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| 29I will forever keep My kindness for him, and My covenant will remain true to him. |
|
כטלְעוֹלָם אֶשְׁמָר־ (כתיב אֶשְׁמָור) ל֣וֹ חַסְדִּ֑י וּ֜בְרִיתִ֗י נֶֽאֱמֶ֥נֶת לֽוֹ: |
| 30And I shall make his seed endure forever, and his throne as the days of the heavens. |
|
לוְשַׂמְתִּ֣י לָעַ֣ד זַרְע֑וֹ וְ֜כִסְא֗וֹ כִּימֵ֥י שָׁמָֽיִם: |
| 31If his sons forsake My Torah and do not walk in My judgments, |
|
לאאִם־יַֽעַזְב֣וּ בָ֖נָיו תּֽוֹרָתִ֑י וּ֜בְמִשְׁפָּטַ֗י לֹ֣א יֵֽלֵכֽוּן: |
| 32If they profane My statutes and do not keep My commandments, |
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לבאִם־חֻקֹּתַ֥י יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ וּ֜מִצְוֹתַ֗י לֹ֣א יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ: |
| 33I shall punish their transgression with a rod, and their iniquity with stripes. |
|
לגוּפָֽקַדְתִּ֣י בְשֵׁ֣בֶט פִּשְׁעָ֑ם וּבִנְגָעִ֥ים עֲוֹנָֽם: |
| I shall punish their transgression with a rod. So did Nathan the prophet say to him concerning Solomon (II Sam. 7:14): “so that when he goes astray, I will chasten him with the rod of men.” This refers to Rezon the son of Eliada, who rose up as an adversary to him: “and with the stripes of the sons of Adam.” This refers to Ashmadai, according to the Sages of blessed memory. |
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ופקדתי בשבט פשעם.
כך אמר לו נתן הנביא על שלמה (שמואל ב ז׳:י״ד) אשר בהעותו והוכחתיו בשבט אנשים, זה רזון בן אלידע שעמד לשטן לו ובנגעי בני אדם זה אשמדאי שהשדים בני אדם הראשון היו:
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| 34But I shall not cancel My kindness from him, and I shall not betray My faith. |
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לדוְחַסְדִּי לֹֽא־אָפִ֣יר מֵֽעִמּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א אֲ֜שַׁקֵּ֗ר בֶּֽאֱמֽוּנָתִֽי: |
| 35I shall not profane My covenant, neither shall I alter the utterance of My lips. |
|
להלֹֽא־אֲחַלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתִ֑י וּמוֹצָ֥א שְֹ֜פָתַ֗י לֹ֣א אֲשַׁנֶּֽה: |
| 36One thing have I sworn by My holiness, that I will not fail David. |
|
לואַחַת נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי בְקָדְשִׁ֑י אִם־לְדָוִ֥ד אֲכַזֵּֽב: |
| that I will not fail David. Heb. אכזב, an expression of (Isa. 58:11): “whose water does not fail (יכזבו),” faliance in Old French, failure; possibly from the Latin fallera, deception. |
|
אם לדוד אכזב.
לשון לא יכזבו מימיו (ישעיהו נ״ח:י״א) פיילנצ"א בלע"ז:
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| 37His seed will be forever and his throne is like the sun before Me. |
|
לזזַרְעוֹ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְכִסְא֖וֹ כַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ נֶגְדִּֽי: |
| 38Like the moon, which is established forever, and it is a witness in the sky, eternally true." |
|
לחכְּיָרֵחַ יִכּ֣וֹן עוֹלָ֑ם וְעֵ֥ד בַּ֜שַּׁ֗חַק נֶֽאֱמָ֥ן סֶֽלָה: |
| and it is a witness in the sky, true. The moon and the sun are witnesses to him that as long as they exist, his kingdom will exist, as it is written (Jer. 33:20f.): “If you break My covenant with the day and My covenant with the night, etc. Also My covenant with David will be broken.” |
|
ועד בשחק נאמן.
הירח והשמש עדים לו שכל זמן שהם קימים יתקיים מלכותו כמו שנאמר (ירמיהו ל״ג:כ׳) אם תפרו את בריתי היום ואת בריתי הלילה גם בריתי תופר את דוד עבדי:
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| 39But You abandoned and You rejected; You became wroth with Your anointed. |
|
לטוְאַתָּ֣ה זָ֖נַחְתָּ וַתִּמְאָ֑ס הִ֜תְעַבַּ֗רְתָּ עִם־מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ: |
| But You abandoned. You dealt strictly with his children in counting their iniquity until You abandoned them and You rejected them in the days of Zedekiah. |
|
ואתה זנחת.
דקדקת אחר בניו לחשוב עונם עד אשר זנחתם ומאסתם בימי צדקיהו:
|
| 40You abrogated the covenant of Your servant; You profaned his crown to the ground. |
|
מנֵאַרְתָּה בְּרִ֣ית עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ חִלַּ֖לְתָּ לָאָ֣רֶץ נִזְרֽוֹ: |
| You abrogated. You nullified. |
|
נארתה.
בטלת:
|
| 41You breached all his fences; You made his fortifications a ruin. |
|
מאפָּרַ֥צְתָּ כָל־גְּדֵֽרֹתָ֑יו שַׂ֖מְתָּ מִבְצָרָ֣יו מְחִתָּֽה: |
| all his fences. which he built in Jerusalem. |
|
כל גדרותיו.
שבנה בירושלים:
|
| his fortifications. The Temple Mount and the stronghold of Zion. |
|
מבצריו.
הר הבית ומצודת ציון:
|
| 42All wayfarers have plundered him; he was a disgrace to his neighbors. |
|
מבשַׁסֻּהוּ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ הָיָ֥ה חֶ֜רְפָּ֗ה לִשְׁכֵנָֽיו: |
| 43You raised the right hand of his adversaries; You caused all his enemies to rejoice. |
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מגהֲרִימוֹתָ יְמִ֣ין צָרָ֑יו הִ֜שְׂמַ֗חְתָּ כָּל־אֽוֹיְבָֽיו: |
| 44You even turned back the sharp edge of his sword, and You did not raise him up in battle. |
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מדאַף־תָּשִׁ֣יב צ֣וּר חַרְבּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א הֲ֜קֵמֹת֗וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה: |
| You even turned back the sharp edge of his sword. You turned back and reversed the sharp edge of his sword, as (Josh. 5:2): “sharp (צרים) knives,” and likewise (Isa. 54:17): “Any weapon whetted (יוצר) against you.” |
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אף תשיב צור חרבו.
השבות אחור והפכת את חידוד חרבו כמו (יהושע ה׳:ב׳) חרבות צורים, וכן (ישעיהו נ״ד:י״ז) כל כלי יוצר עליך:
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| and You did not raise him up in battle. And You did not hold him upright so that he should not fall. |
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ולא הקמותו.
ולא העמדתו מלפול:
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| 45You have brought an end to his shining, and his throne You have cast down to earth. |
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מההִשְׁבַּ֥תָּ מִטֳּהָר֑וֹ וְ֜כִסְא֗וֹ לָאָ֥רֶץ מִגַּֽרְתָּה: |
| You have brought an end to his shining. Heb. מטהרו, his shining, as צהרים, noon, is translated טהרא, and like (Exod. 24:10): “and like the appearance of the heaven for splendor (לטהר).” |
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השבת מטהרו.
זריחתו כמו צהרים דמתרגמינן טיהרא וכמו (שמות כ״ד:י׳) וכעצם השמים לטוהר:
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| You have cast down to the earth. Heb. מגרת. You have humbled and destroyed. Every expression of bending down is, in Targum Jonathan, מגר. |
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לארץ מגרתה.
השפלת והשחת, כל לשון שחייה בתרגום יונתן מגר:
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| 46You have shortened the days of his youth; You have enwrapped him with shame forever. |
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מוהִקְצַרְתָּ יְמֵ֣י עֲלוּמָ֑יו הֶֽעֱטִ֨יתָ עָלָ֖יו בּוּשָׁ֣ה סֶֽלָה: |
| 47How long, O Lord? Will You hide forever? Will Your anger burn like fire? |
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מזעַד־מָ֣ה יְ֖הֹוָה תִּסָּתֵ֣ר לָנֶ֑צַח תִּבְעַ֖ר כְּמוֹ־אֵ֣שׁ חֲמָתֶֽךָ: |
| 48I am mindful what my old age is; for what futility have You created all the sons of man? |
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מחזְכָר־אֲנִ֥י מֶה־חָ֑לֶד עַל־מַה־שָּׁ֜֗וְא בָּרָ֥אתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָֽם: |
| I am mindful what my old age is. Heb. חלד. What old age do I have? Are not my days few? It should suffice You to punish me with my premature death. |
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זכר אני מה חלד.
מה זקנה יש לי הלא מעט ימי ודי לך שאתה נפרע ממני במותי קצר ימים:
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| for what futility. Heb. שוא. For nothing and for vanity have You created all the sons of man? |
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על מה שוא.
לחנם ולהבל בראת כל בני אדם:
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| 49Who is a man who will live and not see death, who will rescue his soul from the grasp of the grave forever? |
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מטמִ֚י גֶ֣בֶר יִ֖חְיֶה וְלֹ֣א יִרְאֶה־מָּ֑וֶת יְמַלֵּ֨ט נַפְשׁ֖וֹ מִיַּד־שְׁא֣וֹל סֶֽלָה: |
| 50Where are Your former acts of kindness, O Lord, which You swore to David in your trust? |
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נאַיֵּ֚ה חֲסָדֶ֖יךָ הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֥ים | אֲ֖דֹנָ֑י נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לְ֜דָוִ֗ד בֶּֽאֱמֽוּנָתֶֽךָ: |
| 51Remember, O Lord, the disgrace of Your servants, which I bear in my bosom, [the disgrace] of all great nations. |
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נאזְכֹ֣ר אֲ֖דֹנָי חֶרְפַּ֣ת עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ שְׂאֵתִ֥י בְ֜חֵיקִ֗י כָּל־רַבִּ֥ים עַמִּֽים: |
| which I bear in my bosom, of all great nations. In exile I bear their burden and their load. |
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שאתי בחקי כל רבים עמים.
בגולה אני נושא סבלם ומשאם:
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| 52Which Your enemies disgraced, O Lord, which they disgraced the ends of Your anointed. |
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נבאֲשֶׁ֚ר חֵֽרְפ֖וּ אֽוֹיְבֶ֥יךָ | יְהֹוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵֽ֜רְפ֗וּ עִקְּב֥וֹת מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ: |
| the ends of Your anointed. Heb. עקבות, the ends of the King Messiah. This is the language of the Mishnah (Sotah 49b): At the ends of the Messiah, audacity will increase; i.e., at the end of the exile, prior to the advent of the Messiah. |
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עקבות משיחך.
סופי מלך המשיח ולשון משנה הוא בעקבות המשיח חוצפא יסגא:
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| 53Blessed is the Lord forever. Amen and Amen. |
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נגבָּר֖וּךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה לְ֜עוֹלָ֗ם אָ֘מֵ֥ן | וְאָמֵֽן: |
| Blessed is the Lord forever. For all that He did for us. |
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ברוך ה' לעולם.
על כל אשר עשה לנו:
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