| 1Now it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third [month], on the first of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me, saying: |
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אוַיְהִ֗י בְּאַחַ֚ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה בַּשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר: |
| 2"Son of man, say to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and to his multitude: Whom are you like in your greatness? |
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בבֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֱמֹ֛ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶל־הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ אֶל־מִ֖י דָּמִ֥יתָ בְגָדְלֶֽךָ: |
| Whom are you like in your greatness: In your haughtiness against Me, whom did you think to resemble? |
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אל מי דמית בגדלך:
בהתגדלך לנגדי אל מי היית סבור לדמות:
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| 3Behold Assyria [was] a cedar in Lebanon, with beautiful branches, shady woods, and of tall stature, and among the interwoven branches was its lofty top. |
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גהִנֵּ֨ה אַשּׁ֜וּר אֶ֣רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן יְפֵ֥ה עָנָ֛ף וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ מֵצַ֖ל וּגְבַ֣הּ קוֹמָ֑ה וּבֵ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים הָֽיְתָ֖ה צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ: |
| Behold Assyria: which I have already cast down. |
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הנה אשור:
שהפלתי כבר:
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| a cedar in Lebanon: it was |
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ארז בלבנון:
היה:
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| shady woods: A forest that covers, [making] a great shade. |
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וחורש מצל:
יער מסכך צל גדול:
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| and among the interwoven branches: the green trees. |
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ובין עבותים:
עצי רענן:
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| its lofty tops: [Heb. צַמַּרְתּוֹ,] cime in French, top. |
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צמרתו:
צימ"א בלע"ז:
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| 4Water nurtured it; the deep made it grow tall; [each of] its rivers flows around its planting, and its canals it sent forth to all the trees of the field. |
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דמַ֣יִם גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ תְּה֖וֹם רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ אֶת־נַֽהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ הֹלֵךְ֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת מַטָּעָ֔הּ וְאֶת־תְּעָֽלֹתֶ֣יהָ שִׁלְחָ֔ה אֶ֖ל כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה: |
| Water nurtured it; the deep made it grow tall: [Jonathan paraphrases:] Among nations he is great; because of his supporters he is powerful; he subjugates kings under his kingdom, and he appoints rulers over every state of the earth. The Midrash Aggadah (Pesikta Rabbathi 34:11, Meir Ayin 33) [states]: “and among the interwoven branches was its lofty top.” Whence did he merit greatness? Because 1) he withdrew from the counsel of the generation of separation, as it is said (Gen. 10:11): “Out of that land Asshur went forth. ” When all those who came upon the world formed one league to enter counsel to rebel against Him, then his lofty top was visible by itself, and [he] did not link himself with them.“Water nurtured him; the [waters of the] deep raised him up” and because 2) he hearkened to the voice of Jonah the son of Amittai, who descended into the [waters of the] deep, and the people of Nineveh repented of the violence that was in their hands. |
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תעלותיה:
פושיץ בלע"ז:
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| its canals: [Heb. תְּעָלתֶיהָ,] fosses in French, ditches, canals. |
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אל כל עצי השדה:
להשקותם והדוגמא כתרגומו של יונתן הא אתוראה דמיא לארזא בלבנון וגומר כבעמוד:
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| to all the trees of the field: to water them. The symbol is as the Targum of Jonathan interprets it: Behold the Assyrians were like the cedars of Lebanon, etc., as above. |
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מים גדלוהו תהום רוממתהו:
בעממיא סגי בסומכוותא תקוף ית מלכיא שעביד לתחות מלכותיה וית שלטונוהי מני על כל מדינות ארעא, ומדרש אגדה ובין עבותים היתה צמרתו מהיכן זכה לגדולה לפי שנמנע מעצת דור הפלגה שנאמר (בראשית ז) מן הארץ ההיא יצא אשור כשנעשו כל באי העולם קליעה אחת לבוא בעצה למרוד בו אז היתה צמרתו נראית לעצמה ולא נשתלשלה עמהם. מים גדלוהו תהום רוממתהו. ועל ששמע לקול יונה בן אמתי שירד לתהום ושבו אנשי ננוה מן החמס אשר בכפיהם:
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| 5Therefore, its height became taller than all the trees of the field, and its boughs multiplied, and its branches grew long because of abundant waters when it sent forth. |
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העַל־כֵּן֙ גָּֽבְהָ֣א קֹֽמָת֔וֹ מִכֹּ֖ל עֲצֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַתִּרְבֶּ֨ינָה סַרְעַפֹּתָ֜יו וַתֶּֽאֱרַ֧כְנָה פֹֽארֹתָ֛יו (כתיב פֹֽארֹתָ֛ו) מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּ֖ים בְּשַׁלְּחֽוֹ: |
| its boughs: [Heb. סַרְעַפֹּתָיו,] |
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סרעפותיו:
ענפיו:
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| its branches: [Heb. פֹארֹתָיו.] |
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פארותיו:
זמורותיו:
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| because of abundant waters when it sent forth: its branches through the abundant waters. When it sent forth its branches, i.e., when it grew its branches, and the expression “sending” applies to them, as “and sent forth branches.” |
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ממים רבים בשלחו:
פארותיו על ידי מים רבים בשלחו פארותיו כלומר בגדלו פארותיו ול' שילוח נופל בהן כמו ותשלח פאורות (לעיל טז):
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| 6In its boughs all birds of the heavens nested, and under its branches all beasts of the field gave birth, and in its shade all the many nations sat. |
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ובִּסְעַפֹּתָ֚יו קִֽנְנוּ֙ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתַ֚חַת פֹּֽארֹתָיו֙ יָֽלְד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּבְצִלּוֹ֙ יֵֽשְׁב֔וּ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיִ֥ם רַבִּֽים: |
| In its boughs: [Heb. בִּסְעַפֹתָיו.] |
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בסעפותיו:
בענפיו:
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| nested: [Heb. קִנְנוּ,] from the word קֵּן, nest. |
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קננו:
ל' קן:
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| 7And it became beautiful in its stature, in the length of its tendrils, for its roots were upon abundant waters. |
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זוַיִּ֣יף בְּגָדְל֔וֹ בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ אֶל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים: |
| And it became beautiful: [Heb. וַיִיף,] an expression of beauty (יֹפִי). |
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וייף:
ל' יופי:
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| its tendrils: [Heb. דָּלִיוֹתָיו.] They too are an expression used for branches: [those] that extend lengthwise in every direction, like the tendrils of a vineyard, ses treilles in French, its climbing vines. |
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דליותיו:
אף הם ל' ענפים הנטוים לאורך לכל צד כמין דליות הכרם שישטרוי"ילאש בלע"ז:
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| 8Cedars did not dim it in the garden of God: junipers did not equal its boughs, and chestnut trees were not like its branches; no tree in the garden of God equaled it in its beauty. |
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חאֲרָזִ֣ים לֹֽא־עֲמָמֻהוּ֘ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים֒ בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים לֹ֚א דָמוּ֙ אֶל־סְעַפֹּתָ֔יו וְעַרְמֹנִ֥ים לֹֽא־הָי֖וּ כְּפֹֽרֹאתָ֑יו כָּל־עֵץ֙ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹֽא־דָמָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו בְּיָפְיֽוֹ: |
| did not dim it: They did not dim its form; i.e., none among them surpassed it in beauty. |
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לא עממוהו:
לא כהו תארו כלומר לא היה בהם אחד נאה ממנו:
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| in the garden of God: i.e., in the entire world. |
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בגן אלהים:
כלומר בכל העולם:
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| and chestnut trees: [Heb. ועֲרְמֹנִים,] chastaniyers, chastaneyrs in Old French [chataigniers in Modern French]. |
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וערמונים:
קאשטיני"ש בלע"ז:
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| 9I made it beautiful with its many tendrils, and all the trees of Eden, which are in the garden of God, envied it. |
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טיָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו בְּרֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגַ֥ן הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים: |
| all the trees of Eden: i.e., all the praiseworthy kings. |
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כל עצי עדן:
כלומר כל המלכים המשובחים:
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| 10Therefore, so said the Lord God: Because you grew haughty with your height, and it placed its lofty top among interwoven branches, and its heart became haughty with its height, |
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ילָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֚ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ: |
| Because you grew haughty with your height: So I said to Assyria. |
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יען אשר גבהת בקומה:
כך אמרתי לאשור:
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| 11I delivered it into the hands of the strongest of nations, that he execute [My will] upon him: according to his wickedness I banished him. |
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יאוְאֶ֨תְּנֵ֔הוּ בְּיַ֖ד אֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֑ם עָשׂ֚וֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ ל֔וֹ כְּרִשְׁע֖וֹ גֵּֽרַשְׁתִּֽיהוּ: |
| into the hands of the strongest of nations: into the hands of the harshest of nations; I gave him into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar, as the master said (Seder Olam, ch. 24; Meg. 11b; Arachin 12a): In his first year, he conquered Nineveh. |
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ביד אל גוים:
ביד קשה שבגוים ביד נבוכדנצר נתתיו דאמר מר שנה ראשונה כבש ננוה:
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| that he execute upon him: [that] Nebuchadnezzar [execute upon him] in accordance with all My wishes. |
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עשו יעשה לו:
נבוכדנצר ככל רצוני:
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| 12And strangers, the strong of the nations, cut it off and cast it down; on the mountains and in all the valleys its tendrils fell, and its branches were broken in all the channels of the earth, and all the peoples of the earth went down from its shade and abandoned it. |
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יבוַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּ זָרִ֛ים עָֽרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם וַיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּ אֶל־הֶֽ֠הָרִים וּבְכָל־גֵּ֨אָיוֹת֜ נָֽפְל֣וּ דָֽלִיּוֹתָ֗יו וַתִּשָּׁבַ֚רְנָה פֹֽרֹאתָיו֙ בְּכֹל֙ אֲפִיקֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּֽרְד֧וּ מִצִּלּ֛וֹ כָּל־עַמֵּ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ וַיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ: |
| cast it down: [Heb. וַיִטְשֻּׁהוּ,] and they cast it down to the earth, like (Num. 11:31): “and let them down (וַיִטשּׁ) upon the camp.” |
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ויטשוהו:
ויפלוהו לארץ כמו ויטש על המחנה (במדבר י״א:ל״א):
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| 13Upon its carcass all the fowl of the heaven rested, and upon its branches were all the beasts of the field. |
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יגעַל־מַפַּלְתּ֥וֹ יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶל־פֹּֽרֹאתָ֣יו הָי֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה: |
| Upon its carcass… rested: as the Targum paraphrases: Upon the carcass of his slain. |
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על מפלתו ישכנו וגו':
כתרגומו על מפלת קטילוהי:
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| 14In order that all the water trees should not become haughty with their height, and they should not place their lofty tops among the interwoven branches, and all that drink water should not stand over them with their height, for all of them were given to death, to the nether parts of the earth, among the sons of men with those who descend into the Pit. |
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ידלְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹֽא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקֽוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֚וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֧וּ אֵֽלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּ֣י כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר: |
| water trees: which are tender and frail, but have numerous and long branches because of the moisture of the water, should not compare themselves to the cedars of Eden; i.e., he should not have been haughty over Israel and should not have stood over them. |
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עצי מים:
שהם רכים וחלשים אלא שענפיהם רכים וארוכין מחמת לחלוחית המים אין להם לדמות עצמן לארזי עדן כלומר לא היה לו להתגאות על ישראל ולא יעמדו עליהם:
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| among the interwoven branches: They should not haughtily compare their might - the trees that drink water to the interwoven trees. |
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אל בין עבותים:
לא יתגאו להשוות גבורתם שותה מים אל עצי עבותים:
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| 15So said the Lord God: On the day he descended into the Grave, I caused mourning; I covered the deep on his account, I withdrew its rivers, abundant waters stopped; I darkened the Lebanon because of him, and all the trees of the field swooned over him. |
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טוכֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֚וֹ שְׁאֹ֙לָה֙ הֶֽאֱבַ֔לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֚תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַֽהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּֽלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָֽאַקְדִּ֚ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה: |
| On the day he descended into the Grave: When I humbled the king of Assyria into the hands of his enemy. |
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ביום רדתו שאולה:
כשהשפלתי את מלך אשור ביד אויבו:
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| I caused mourning: [I caused] many mourners who relied on him [to mourn] over him. |
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האבלתי כסתי עליו:
אבלים רבים שהיו סמוכין עליו:
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| I covered the deep on his account: I covered the deep because of him, for it was accustomed to water him and cause his growth, as Scripture stated above (verse 4): “the deep made it grow tall.” That day, I covered it so that it should not ascend and extinguish his fire. i.e., I weakened his aids. |
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כסיתי עליו את תהום:
כסיתי בשבילו את תהום שהיה רגיל להשקותו ולגדלו כמו שאמר למעלה תהום רוממתהו אותו היום כסיתיו שלא יעלה ויכבה את תבערתו כלומר החלטתי את עוזריו:
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| I withdrew its rivers: which were flowing around its planting. |
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ואמנע נהרותיה:
שהיו הולכין סביבות מטעה:
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| abundant waters stopped: [The waters] that used to make its branches grow long, as he said above (verse 5): “and its branches grew long because of abundant waters.” |
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ויכלאו מים רבים:
שהיו מאריכין פארות כמו שאמר למעלה ותארכנה פארות' ממים רבים:
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| and I darkened: the Lebanon because of him. |
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ואקדיר:
בשבילו לבנון:
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| and I darkened: [Heb. וָאַקְדִיר,] from an expression for blackness. |
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ואקדיר:
לשון שחרות:
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| and all the trees of the field: to which his channels were sent, as stated above. |
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וכל עצי השדה:
שהיו תעלותיו שלוחין אליהם כמו שאמר למעלה:
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| swooned over him: Because of him, their moisture ceased, as a person who swoons and whose spirit flies away [i.e., he loses consciousness]; pasmer in Old French, to faint, to swoon. [pamer in Modern French.] |
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עליו עולפה:
בשבילו פסק לחלוחם כאדם שמתעלף ורוחו פורחת פשמי"ר בלע"ז:
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| 16From the sound of his fall I made the nations quake, when I lowered him into the Grave with those who descend into the Pit, and they were consoled in the nether part of the earth, all the trees of Eden, the choice and the best of the Lebanon, all those that drink water. |
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טזמִקּ֚וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהֽוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁאֹ֖לָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֚רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטֽוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם: |
| and they were consoled in the nether part of the earth: The others who descended to Gehinnom received consolations. They said, “This one is like us also.” |
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וינחמו בארץ תחתית:
שאר יורדי גיהנם קבלו תנחומים אמרו אף זה כמונו:
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| 17They too descended into the Grave with him, with those slain by the sword, and his allies, who dwelt in his shade in the midst of the nations. |
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יזגַּם־הֵ֗ם אִתּ֛וֹ יָֽרְד֥וּ שְׁאֹ֖לָה אֶל־חַלְלֵי־חָ֑רֶב וּזְרֹע֛וֹ יָֽשְׁב֥וּ בְצִלּ֖וֹ בְּת֥וֹךְ גּוֹיִֽם: |
| and his allies, who dwelt in his shade: [Heb. וּזְרֹעוֹ, lit. and his arm,] and his helpers, who dwelt in his shade. |
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וזרועו ישבו בצלו:
ועוזריו אשר ישבו בצלו:
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| 18To whom have you likened yourself so with glory and with greatness among the trees of Eden, and you were lowered with the trees of Eden into the nether part of the earth; among the uncircumcised you shall lie with those slain by the sword; that is Pharaoh and all his multitude," says the Lord God. |
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יחאֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּֽעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהֽוּרַדְתָּ֙ אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֚ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֚וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנ֔וֹ (כתיב הֲמוֹנֹה) נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִֽה: |
| To whom have you likened yourself so: You, Pharaoh, to which of the trees of Eden have you likened yourself, who is as great as Assyria in glory and in greatness? Behold you have seen that I lowered him into the Grave, and you too will be lowered with the trees of Eden, with the other strong monarchs. |
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אל מי דמית ככה:
אתה פרעה אל מי מעצי עדן דמית שיהא ככה גדול כאשור בכבוד ובגודל והרי ראית שהורדתיו שאול ואף אתה והורדת עם עצי עדן עם שאר מלכים חזקים:
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| into the nether part of the earth: Gehinnom. |
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אל ארץ תחתית:
גיהנ':
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