| 1And the word of Samuel was (fulfilled) to all Israel and Israel went out to war against the Philistines, and they encamped beside Ebenezer, and the Philistines encamped in Aphek. |
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אוַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶן הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק: |
| And the word of Samuel was to all Israel, and Israel went out to war I.e., the word which was said to Samuel, was fulfilled, and came to all Israel. Now, how did this misfortune (befall them)? And Israel went out to war against the Philistines. |
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ויהי דבר שמואל לכל ישראל
נהיה הדבר שנאמר לשמואל, ובא לכל ישראל, והאיך היה הפורענות, ויצא ישראל לקראת פלשתים למלחמה:
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| Ebenezer (The rock of help) This was not yet its name, for it was first called this (name) in Samuel’s time, but here the Scripture calls it by its future name. |
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האבן העזר
עדיין לא היה כן שמה, כי בימי שמואל נקראת כן (לקמן ז יב), וכאן קרא על שם סופה:
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| 2And the Philistines arrayed (their troops) against Israel, and the battle spread, and Israel was beaten before the Philistines, and they slew in the battle array in the field, about four thousand men. |
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בוַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֚וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ: |
| and the battle spread (Heb. ‘vatitosh’) similar to “and behold they were spread over the face of the earth” (Heb. ‘n’tushim’) (infra 30:16), “and they were scattered by the jaw bone,” (Heb. ‘vayinat’shu’) (Judges 15: 9). |
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ותטש המלחמה
ותתפשט המלחמה, כמו (לקמן ל טז): והנם נטושים על פני הארץ, וכן (שופטים טו ט): וינטשו בלחי:
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| 3And the people came to the camp, and the elders of Israel said, "Why has the Lord beaten us today before the Philistines? Let us take to us from Shiloh the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord, and He will come in our midst, and save us from the hand of our enemies." |
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גוַיָּבֹ֣א הָעָם֘ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֣מָּה נְגָפָ֧נוּ יְהֹוָ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים נִקְחָ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהֹוָ֔ה וְיָבֹ֣א בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ וְישִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אֹיְבֵֽינוּ: |
| 4And the people sent to Shiloh, and from there, they carried the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord of Hosts, Who dwells above the cherubim, and there with the Ark of God's Covenant, were Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas. |
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דוַיִּשְׁלַ֚ח הָעָם֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהֹוָ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת ישֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֞ם שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִ֗י עִם־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָֽס: |
| 5And it was, when the Ark of the Lord's Covenant came into the camp, that all Israel shouted a great shout, and the earth stirred. |
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הוַיְהִ֗י כְּב֨וֹא אֲר֚וֹן בְּרִית־יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּרִ֥עוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַתֵּהֹ֖ם הָאָֽרֶץ: |
| 6And the Philistines heard the sound of the shout, and they said, "What is the sound of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews?" And they knew that the Ark of the Lord had come into the camp. |
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ווַיִּשְׁמְע֚וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֶ֠ה ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֧ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה הָעִבְרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ ֤כִּי אֲר֣וֹן יְהֹוָ֔ה בָּ֖א אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה: |
| 7And the Philistines feared, for they said, "God has come into the camp." And they said, "Woe is unto us, for there was nothing like this yesterday and before yesterday!" |
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זוַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ בָּ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ כִּ֣י לֹ֥א הָיְתָ֛ה כָּזֹ֖את אֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם: |
| 8"Woe is unto us! Who will save us from the hand of this mighty God? This is the God who smote the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness." |
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חא֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ מִ֣י יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ מִיַּ֛ד הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים הָאַדִּירִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֵ֧לֶּה הֵ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַמַּכִּ֧ים אֶת־מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּכָל־מַכָּ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר: |
| with every (sort of) plague in the wilderness: By the Reed Sea. Jonathan, however, renders: (These are the mighty deeds of God, Who smote Egypt with every sort of plague,) and for His people He performed wonders in the wilderness. In Sifrei (Behaaloth’cha), we learned that this passage is a combination of statements. The worthy among them said, “Who will save us from the hand of this mighty God?” while the wicked among them retorted, “This is the God Who smote the Egyptians with every plague.” All the plagues which He had, He brought upon the Egyptians. Thenceforth, He has no plagues. |
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בכל מכה במדבר
על ים סוף ויונתן תרגם: ולעמיה עבד פרישן במדברא. ובספרי שנינו: שהפרשה הזו עירוב דברים, מי שאמר זה לא אמר זה, כשרין שבהם אמרו: מי יצילנו מיד האלהים האדירים האלה, והרשעים אמרו: אלה הם האלהים המכים את מצרים בכל מכה, כל מכות שהיו לו, על המצרים הביאם, אין לו עוד מכה מעתה:
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| 9"Strengthen yourselves and become men, you Philistines, lest you serve the Hebrews, as they served you, and you shall become men, and fight!" |
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טהִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ וִֽהְי֚וּ לַֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים ֤פֶּן תַּעַבְד֣וּ לָעִבְרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבְד֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם לַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְנִלְחַמְתֶּֽם: |
| 10And the Philistines waged war and Israel was beaten, and they fled, each man to his tents. Now the blow was very great, and there fell from Israel thirty thousand infantrymen. |
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יוַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּנָּ֚גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֔יו וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּפֹּל֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁלשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִֽי: |
| 11And the Ark of God was taken, and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, perished. |
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יאוַאֲר֥וֹן אֱלֹהִ֖ים נִלְקָ֑ח וּשְׁנֵ֚י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִי֙ מֵ֔תוּ חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָֽס: |
| 12And a man of Benjamin ran from the battle array, and came to Shiloh on that day, with his garments torn, and earth upon his head. |
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יבוַיָּ֚רָץ אִישׁ־בִּנְיָמִן֙ מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שִׁלֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וּמַדָּ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ: |
| And a man of Benjamin This was Saul, who grabbed the tablets from the hands of Goliath and fled. |
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איש בנימן
זה היה שאול, שחטף את הלוחות מיד גלית וברח לו:
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| 13And he came, and behold, Eli was sitting on the chair beside the road, anxiously waiting, for his heart trembled for the Ark of God. And the man had come to tell in the city, and the whole city cried out. |
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יגוַיָּב֗וֹא וְהִנֵּ֣ה עֵ֠לִי ישֵׁ֨ב עַֽל־הַכִּסֵּ֜א יַ֥ד (כתיב יַ֥ך) דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ מְצַפֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־הָיָ֚ה לִבּוֹ֙ חָרֵ֔ד עַ֖ל אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְהָאִ֗ישׁ ֤בָּא לְהַגִּ֣יד בָּעִ֔יר וַתִּזְעַ֖ק כָּל־הָעִֽיר: |
| beside the road By the place of the road, he was anxiously waiting. |
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יד דרך מצפה
אצל יד הדרך היה מצפה:
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| 14Now Eli heard the sound of the cry, and he said, "What is this confused noise?" And the man hurried, and came, and told Eli. |
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ידוַיִּשְׁמַ֚ע עֵלִי֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַצְּעָקָ֔ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֶ֛ה ק֥וֹל הֶהָמ֖וֹן הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָאִ֣ישׁ מִהַ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֖א וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לְעֵלִֽי: |
| 15Now Eli was ninety- eight years old, and his eyes were set, and he could not see. |
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טווְעֵלִ֕י בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וְעֵינָ֣יו קָ֔מָה וְלֹ֥א יָכ֖וֹל לִרְאֽוֹת: |
| 16And the man said to Eli, "I am the one who has come from the battle array, and I fled from the battle array today." And he said, "What happened, my son?" |
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טזוַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֜ישׁ אֶל־עֵלִ֗י אָֽנֹכִי֙ הַבָּ֣א מִן־הַמַּעֲרָכָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֕י מִן־הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה נַ֣סְתִּי הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מֶֽה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּנִֽי: |
| 17And the one who had reported the news, answered and said, "Israel fled before the Philistines, and also there was a great slaughter among the people, and also your two sons perished, Chofni and Pinchas and the Ark of God was taken." |
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יזוַיַּ֨עַן הַֽמְבַשֵּׂ֜ר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָ֚ס יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַ֛ם מַגֵּפָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה הָיְתָ֣ה בָעָ֑ם וְגַם־שְׁנֵ֨י בָנֶ֜יךָ מֵ֗תוּ חָפְנִי֙ וּפִ֣ינְחָ֔ס וַאֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נִלְקָֽחָה: |
| 18And it was, when he mentioned the Ark of God, that he (Eli) fell off the chair backward through the gate opening, and his neck broke and he died, because the man was old and weighty and he had judged Israel for forty years. |
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יחוַיְהִ֞י כְּהַזְכִּיר֣וֹ | אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיִּפֹּ֣ל מֵֽעַל־הַכִּ֠סֵּא אֲחֹ֨רַנִּ֜ית בְּעַ֣ד | יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֗עַר וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֚ר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת כִּֽי־זָקֵ֥ן הָאִ֖ישׁ וְכָבֵ֑ד וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה: |
| and his neck (Heb. ‘mafrakto’) ‘targum mafrakuthei’ the bone of the neck. |
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מפרקתו
אפרקותיה, עצם הצואר:
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| 19And his daughter-in-law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, ready to give birth, and she heard the news concerning the taking of the Ark of God, and that her father-in-law and her husband had died. And she knelt and gave birth, for her pains had suddenly come upon her. |
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יטוְכַלָּת֣וֹ אֵֽשֶׁת־פִּינְחָס֘ הָרָ֣ה לָלַת֒ וַתִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֶת־הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה אֶל־הִלָּקַח֙ אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמֵ֥ת חָמִ֖יהָ וְאִישָׁ֑הּ וַתִּכְרַ֣ע וַתֵּ֔לֶד כִּֽי־נֶהֶפְכ֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ צִרֶֽיהָ: |
| was with child, ready to give birth (Heb. ‘lolath.’) We are compelled (to agree) that the meaning of this word, is ‘to give birth,’ like ‘laledeth,’ although (the daleth is missing), and there is no similar form (in the Scriptures). Menahem, (however,) joined this (with other verb forms) in the section dealing with the word, ‘yelalah,’ wailing, because her birth pangs came upon her with wailing. The root of the word ‘yelalah,’ is the ‘lamed’ alone. |
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ללת
על כרחו 'ללדת' פירושו, ואין לו דמיון ומנחם חברו בחלק 'יללה', לפי שחבלי לידתה ביללה באו לה, ויסוד יללה, אין אות ביסודה אלא למ"ד לבדה:
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| had suddenly come upon her They were unnatural, and that is why she died. |
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נהפכו
נשתנו מכדרכן, לכך מתה:
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| her pains (translation follows Metzudas Zion. Rashi, however, explains it as ‘hinges’;) i.e., the hinges of the doors of her womb, in French, charniere. |
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צריה
צירי דלתי בטנה, קרדוני"ל בלע"ז:
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| 20And about the time of her dying, the women who were standing by her, said, "Do not fear, for you have borne a son," and she did not answer, neither did she heed. |
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כוּכְעֵ֣ת מוּתָ֗הּ וַתְּדַבֵּ֙רְנָה֙ הַנִּצָּב֣וֹת עָלֶ֔יהָ אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י כִּ֣י בֵ֣ן יָלָ֑דְתְּ וְלֹ֥א עָנְתָ֖ה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥תָה לִבָּֽהּ: |
| 21And she called the child Ichabod, saying, "Glory has been exiled from Israel, because the Ark of God has been taken, and because of her father-in-law and her husband." |
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כאוַתִּקְרָ֣א לַנַּ֗עַר אִֽי־כָבוֹד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר גָּלָ֥ה כָב֖וֹד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶל־הִלָּקַח֙ אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאֶל־חָמִ֖יהָ וְאִישָֽׁהּ: |
| Ichabod There is no glory, like ‘ein kabod.’ Similarly (Job 22:30), He will save ‘i naki’ one who is not innocent, like ‘ein naki.’ |
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אי כבוד
אין כבוד, וכן (איוב כב ל): ימלט אי נקי, אין נקי:
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| because the Ark of God has been taken (Lit., to the being taken of the Ark of God.) Like “because of the being taken of the Ark of God,” but it is unnecessary to remove it from the expression of ‘to’ for the one who understands its meaning. |
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אל הלקח
כמו על הלקח, ואין צריך לזוזו מלשון אל, למי שיודע להבין דברו:
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| because the Ark of God was taken In French, “envers l’etre pris,” (concerning the being taken). |
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אל הלקח
איטיויר"ש לאישטריפו"ש בלע"ז:
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| and because of her father-in-law and because of this misfortune that her father- in-law and husband had perished. |
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ואל חמיה
ואל הרעה הזאת, שמת חמיה ואישה:
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| 22And she said, "Glory has been exiled from Israel, for the Ark of God has been taken." |
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כבוַתֹּ֕אמֶר גָּלָ֥ה כָב֖וֹד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֥י נִלְקַ֖ח אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִֽים: |
